Table 4.
Comparison of sleep quality between the smartphone overuse group and control group.
| Control (n = 260) | Smartphone Overuse (n = 70) | t | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSHQ | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Total | 44.16 | 5.46 | 45.93 | 6.07 | −2.345 | .020* |
| Bedtime resistance | 11.54 | 2.66 | 11.71 | 2.72 | −.478 | .633 |
| Sleep latency | 1.28 | .53 | 1.43 | .58 | −1.929 | .056 |
| Sleep duration | 3.41 | .91 | 3.63 | .94 | −1.785 | .075 |
| Sleep anxiety | 6.60 | 1.79 | 6.93 | 2.16 | −1.157 | .250 |
| Nocturnal awakening | 3.65 | 1.02 | 4.06 | 1.41 | −2.280 | .025* |
| Parasomnia | 8.29 | 1.27 | 8.30 | 1.34 | −.044 | .965 |
| Daytime sleepiness | 10.50 | 2.48 | 11.01 | 2.50 | −1.524 | .129 |
*P < .05. CSHQ = Children’s Sleep Habit Questionnaire.