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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Crit Rev Microbiol. 2020 Dec 28;47(1):57–78. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2020.1842325

Figure 2. Strategies for controlling harmful biofilms.

Figure 2.

(A) Material surfaces can be treated through thermal cycling and UV irradiation. (B) Surfaces can be coated by 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-polymers, trimethylsilane (TMS)/O2, and antimicrobial peptides. (C) Biofilm formation can be inhibited by chemical agents that influence quorum sensing (QS), c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP, and (p)ppGpp related pathways. (D) External force, including biochemical substances and ultrasound, can also be applied to eradicate mature biofilms.