Table 4.
Principles of global health research that are similarly defined can be grouped together into themes
| Theme | Principle(s) | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Mutual Benefits | Reciprocity | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [19] |
| Benefit | Larkan et al. [7] | |
| Writing and publishing together | Raza [16] | |
| Mutual Benefits | Steenhoff et al. [24] | |
| Share data and networks | KFPE [20] | |
| Pool profits and merits | KFPE [20] | |
| Shared benefits | CCGHR [11] | |
| Agenda Setting | Focus | Larkan et al. [7] |
| Setting baseline goals and objectives | Raza [16] | |
| Setting up future milestones of the project | Raza [16] | |
| Set agenda together | KFPE [20] | |
| Equity | Equity | Larkan et al. [7] |
| Equity | Steenhoff et al. [24] | |
| Responsiveness to causes of inequities | CCGHR [11] | |
| Proportionality | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [19] | |
| Accountability | Accountability | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [19] |
| Informing each other and following rules and regulations | Raza [16] | |
| Account to beneficiaries | KFPE [20] | |
| Capacity Building/ Strengthening |
Development of national research capacity | Costello & Zumla [22] |
| Enhance capacities | KFPE [20] | |
| Strengthening capacity for conducting socially relevant research should be a specific aim of the partnership | RAWOO [21] | |
| Sustainability | Sustainability | Steenhoff et al. [24] |
| Commitment to the future Invest in relationships |
CCGHR [11] RRC [17] |
|
| Define Roles | Sharing and assigning responsibilities | Raza [16] |
| Clarify responsibilities | KFPE [20] | |
| Engage Stakeholders | Interact with stakeholders | KFPE [20] |
| A broad-based consultative process, however painstaking and time-consuming it may be, should proceed any program | RAWOO [21] | |
| Understand the Context | Values | Larkan et al. [7] |
| Critically engage with context | RRC [17] | |
| Actionable Research | Emphasis on getting research findings into policy | Costello & Zumla [22] |
| Apply results | KFPE [20] | |
| Communication | Communication | Larkan et al. [7] |
| Effective communications | Raza [16] | |
| Data Access | Disseminate results | KFPE [20] |
| Rules and norms for sharing and handling data | Raza [16] | |
| Humility | Humility | Steenhoff et al. [24] |
| Humility | CCGHR [11] | |
| Inclusivity | Inclusivity | Steenhoff et al. [24] |
| Inclusion | CCGHR [11] | |
| Mutual Learning | Promote mutual learning | KFPE [20] |
| Keep learning | RRC [17] | |
| Social Justice | Social justice | Steenhoff et al. [24] |
| Put poverty first | RRC [17] | |
| Transparency | Disclosing financial interests | Raza [16] |
| Commit to transparency | RRC [17] | |
| Trust | Authentic partnerships Mutual trust & shared decision making |
CCGHR [11] Costello & Zumla [22] |
| Principles with distinct definitions* | Adapt and respond | RRC [17] |
| Leadership | Larkan et al. [7] | |
| National Ownership | Costello & Zumla [22] | |
| Prevention of adverse impact | Steenhoff et al. [24] | |
| Promotion of common good | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [19] | |
| Redress evidence hierarchies | RRC [17] | |
| The Northern partner should be prepared to relinquish control and accept considerable autonomy on the part of the Southern partner | RAWOO [21] | |
| Resolution | Larkan et al. [7] | |
| Respect | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [19] | |
| Respect diversity of knowledge and skills | RRC [17] | |
| Secure outcomes | KFPE [20] | |
| Stewardship | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [19] |
* These principles cannot be grouped into any particular theme; rather, they each have their own distinct meaning and definition