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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2019 Dec 2;106(4):800–810. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.033

Table 1.

Summary of features used as exclusion criteria by randomized studies of singe- versus multiple-fraction radiation therapy for symptomatic bone metastases*

Study N = 23† Prior therapy
 Fracture
 Nervous system compromise
RT Surgery Long bone Vertebra NOS Impending CNS PNS
Altundag13 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
(Symptoms of SCC)
Amouzegar Hashemi14 ✓ ✓ SCC
Badzio15 ✓ ✓
BPTWP16 ✓ ✓
Cole17 ✓ ✓ ✓
(SCC syndrome)		 ✓
(PN compression syndrome)
El-Shenshawy18 ✓ ✓
(Except vertebral compression fracture)		 ✓
(Suspicion of SCC)
Foro19 ✓ ✓ ✓
(Medulla compression)
Foro Arnalot20 ✓ ✓ ✓
(If Mirel’s criteria >9)		 ✓
(Clinical or radiologic evidence of SCC)
Gaze21 ✓ ✓ ✓
(If collapse above L2)		 ✓ ✓ ✓ (SCC)
Gutiérrez Bayard et al10 ✓ ✓
(If lesion requires fixation)		 ✓
(SCC)
Prior therapy Fracture Nervous system compromise
Study RT Surgery Long bone Vertebra NOS Impending CNS PNS
Hamouda22 ✓ ✓
Hartsell,23
Howell24 		✓ ✓ ✓
(Clinical or radiologic evidence of SCC or effacement)		 ✓
(Clinical or radiologic evidence of CEC or effacement)
Kaasa,25
Sande26 		✓ ✓
(If lesion requires fixation)		 ✓
(SCC)
Kagei27 ✓
(Except if vertebral compress-ion fracture)
Koswig28 ✓
Majumder et al11 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
(SCC)
Nielsen29 ✓ ✓
(Except if vertebral compress-ion fracture)		 ✓
(Suspicion of SCC)
Ozsaran30 ✓ ✓
Price31 ✓ ✓
Roos32 ✓ ✓ ✓
(Clinical or radiologic evidence of SCC)		 ✓
(Clinical or radiologic evidence of CEC)
Safwat33 ✓ ✓
(Clinical or radiologic evidence of SCC)		 ✓
(Clinical or radiologic evidence of CEC)
Sarkar34 ✓ ✓
Steenland,35
 Van der Linden,36
Meeuse37 		✓ ✓
(If lesion requires fixation)		 ✓
(SCC)
Total studies with exclusion criterion, N (%) 18 (78%) 3 (13%) 3 (13%) 1 (4%) 17 (30%) 4 (17%) 15 (65%) 4 (17%)

Abbreviations: CEC = cauda equina compression; CNS = central nervous system; NOS = not otherwise specified; PNS = peripheral nervous system; RT = radiation therapy; SCC = spinal cord compression.

The checkmarks (✓) indicate presence of exclusion criteria, with qualifying details in parenthesis if present.

*

Adapted from Cheon et al,9 with 4 additional studies considered as per systematic review update.2

†

Twenty-nine studies considered, with published trials containing the same study population and exclusion criteria grouped in 1 row, resulting in 23 unique sets of exclusion criteria considered.