Table 1.

Traditional applications of Equisetum genus stratified by country, species, plant part, and medicinal use.

Country	Species	Plant part	Preparation method	Medicinal use	Reference
Bolivia	Equisetum giganteum L.	Stem, entire plant	Decoction	Diarrhea, stomach heat, liver and kidneys diseases, inflammation	[8]
Brazil	Equisetum giganteum L.	Stemsa, aerial partsb	Decoction, infusiona	Rheumatic diseasesa Diuretic, urinary disorders, inflammationb Weight lossc	[9]a [10]b [11]c
	Equisetum arvense L.	Aerial parts	Infusiona	Diureticab Remineralization, inflammationb	[12]a [13]b
Mexico	Equisetum myriochaetum Schlecht and Cham	Aerial parts	Infusionab	Diabetes type 2abc Kidney diseases, diabetesd	[14]a [15]b [16]c [17]d
Chile	Equisetum bogotense Kunth Equisetum giganteum L.	Aerial parts	Infusion	Diuretic	[18]
Lebanon	Equisetum arvense L. Equisetum maximum Lam.Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.	Aerial parts	Decoction	Antirheumatic, antineuralgic	[19]
Romania	Equisetum arvense L.	Sterile aerial, stems	Unreported	Inflammationab Ulcers, skin tumors, itching, wound healing, bruise, chilblains, leukorrhea, paronychia, foot hyperhidrosis, impetigo, furuncle, dermatitis, neurodermatitisb	[20]a [21]b
Germany	Equisetum arvense L.	Aerial parts	Unreported	Inflammation	[22]
Serbia	Equisetum arvense L.	Whole planta, sterile stemsb	Infusion	Urogenital diseases, diuretica Kidney diseases, arthritis, bleeding ulcers, tuberculosis, wounds healingb	[23]a [24]b
China	Equisetum arvense L. Equisetum hyemale L. Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.	Aerial parts Aerial parts Aerial parts	Unreported Unreported Unreported	Hemorrhage, urethritis, jaundice, hepatitis Hypertension, inflammation, acute stroke, bleeding, cancer Hemorrhage, urethritis, jaundice, hepatitis	[25–27]
Peru	Equisetum giganteum L.	Aerial parts	Unreported	Diarrhea, diuretic, emmenagogue, wound healing	[28]
Colombia	Equisetum bogotense Kunth	Whole plant	Infusion, decoction	Diuretic, kidney stones	[29]
India	Equisetum arvense L.	Aerial parts	Infusion	Strengthen bones, hair, nails	[30]
Italy	Equisetum arvense L.	Dried sterile stems	Infusion	Remineralizing, diuretic, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis	[31]
Croatia	Equisetum arvense L.	Aerial parts	Infusion	Diabetes	[32]
Greece	Equisetum arvense L.	Aerial parts	Decoction	Urogenital disorders, prostatitis, diuretic, musculoskeletal diseases	[33]
Turkey	Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Equisetum palustre L.	Aerial parts Aerial parts	Decoction Infusion	Acne, rheumatism, broken bones, diuretic, expectorant, kidney stones, strengthening hair, skin, and nails Peptic ulcer, hemorrhoids, kidney stones	[34, 35]
Portugal	Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Equisetum arvense L.	Aerial parts Aerial parts	Unreported Unreported	Prostatitis, stomachaches, and cystitisa Urinary, kidney, gastrointestinal disordersb Arthritis, kidney diseases, bleeding ulcers, hepatitis, jaundice, and tuberculosis	[36]a [37]b [38]
Iran	Equisetum arvense L. Equisetum telmateia Ehrh.	Aerial parts Aerial parts	Unreported Unreported	Wound healing, strengthening of the bones, teeth, nails, and hair, gout, nosebleeds, urinary and prostate disorders, menorrhagia, rheumatoid arthritis Prostatitis, stomachache, inflammation, diarrhea, mouth infections, chronic eczema, antifungal	[39, 40]
Thailand	Equisetum arvense L. Equisetum debile Roxb. ex Vaucher	Aerial parts Aerial parts	Unreported Unreported	Hair loss Diuretic, wound healing, muscle relaxant, hair growth stimulant, hair loss	[41]
Spain	Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Equisetum arvense L. Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.	Aerial parts Aerial parts Aerial parts	Infusionab Decoction, infusionab Infusiona	Hypertension, diuretica Bones disorders, to strengthen broken bonesb Hypertension, diuretica Bone disorders, to strengthen broken bonesb Depurative, diuretica	[1]a [42]b

Equal letters in the same line relate plant part, preparation method, and medicinal use to respective studies (column of references).