Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics and Treatments Received
| Variable | All Dataa (N = 160,295) | Pre-COVID-19 Q1 Weighted Annual Averagesb (n = 23,197) | COVID-19 Q1 (n = 22,895) | P Valuec | Pre-COVID-19 Q2 Weighted Annual Averagesb (n = 20,157) | COVID-19 Q2 (n = 13,627) | P Valuec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | .11 | < .0001 | |||||
| Neonate birth to 29 d | 5,444 (3.4) | 883 (3.8) | 788 (3.4) | 573 (2.8) | 512 (3.8) | ||
| Infant 29 d to < 2 y | 55,953 (34.9) | 9,011 (38.8) | 8,975 (39.2) | 6,254 (31.0) | 3,578 (26.3) | ||
| Child 2 y to < 6 y | 31,630 (19.7) | 4,478 (19.3) | 4,459 (19.5) | 4,191 (20.8) | 2,369 (17.4) | ||
| Child 6 y to < 12 y | 28,624 (17.9) | 3,851 (16.6) | 3,675 (16.1) | 3,904 (19.4) | 2,641 (19.4) | ||
| Adolescent 12 y to < 18 y | 38,644 (24.1) | 4,976 (21.5) | 4,998 (21.8) | 5,235 (26.0) | 4,527 (33.2) | ||
| Weight, kg | 15.9 (8.70, 39.20) | 14.1 (8.0, 34.5) | 14.0 (8.1, 35.0) | .43 | 17.7 (9.6, 42.0) | 22.4 (10.2, 51.3) | < .0001 |
| Female sexd | 71,640 (44.7) | 10,362 (44.7) | 10,232 (44.7) | .96 | 8,987 (44.6) | 6,227 (45.7) | .043 |
| Race White (vs non-White) | 63,119 (39.4) | 9,242 (39.8) | 8,728 (38.1) | .0002 | 7,916 (39.3) | 5,286 (38.8) | .37 |
| Region | .0021 | < .0001 | |||||
| Midwest | 41,543 (25.9) | 5,930 (25.6) | 6,153 (26.9) | 5,265 (26.1) | 3,564 (26.2) | ||
| Northeast | 9,826 (6.1) | 1,369 (5.9) | 1,227 (5.4) | 1,265 (6.3) | 698 (5.1) | ||
| South | 40,361 (25.2) | 5,708 (24.6) | 5,603 (24.5) | 5,193 (25.7) | 3,765 (27.6) | ||
| West | 68,565 (42.8) | 10,190 (43.9) | 9,912 (43.3) | 8,435 (41.9) | 5,600 (41.1) | ||
| PIM2 | 0.80 (0.20, 1.29) | 0.78 (0.20, 1.21) | 0.78 (0.20, 1.20) | .94 | 0.83 (0.21, 1.44) | 0.87 (0.31, 1.54) | < .0001 |
| Physical length of stay, d | 1.74 (0.94, 3.77) | 1.84 (0.96, 4.0) | 1.83 (0.97, 3.9) | .91 | 1.63 (0.91, 3.6) | 1.49 (0.88, 3.1) | < .0001 |
| Unscheduled patient type | 127,082 (79.3) | 18,942 (81.7) | 19,290 (84.3) | < .0001 | 15,412 (76.5) | 10,345 (75.9) | .25 |
| Post-operative | 41,192 (25.7) | 5,254 (22.7) | 4,676 (20.4) | < .0001 | 5,848 (29.0) | 4,157 (30.5) | .0032 |
| Intubated | 33,056 (20.6) | 4,739 (20.4) | 4,425 (19.3) | .0031 | 4,191 (20.8) | 2,920 (21.4) | .16 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 39,841 (24.9) | 5,604 (24.2) | 5,365 (23.4) | .068 | 5,151 (25.6) | 3,470 (25.5) | .85 |
| ECMO | 993 (0.6) | 156 (0.7) | 143 (0.6) | .53 | 116 (0.6) | 76 (0.6) | .85 |
| ICU mortality | 3,301 (2.1) | 442 (1.9) | 434 (1.9) | .95 | 429 (2.1) | 350 (2.6) | .0081 |
Data are presented as No. (%) = frequency (column percentage), median (25th percentile, 75th percentile). ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; PIM2 = Pediatric Index of Mortality-2.
a
Raw counts.
b
Weighted averages weighted by the number of quarters the center submitted data (from 2017, 2018, and 2019), rounded to the nearest whole number.
c
P values for categorical data are based on the χ2 test, whereas continuous variables are based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
d
Two patients listed as “Ambiguous” were treated as missing because they did not specify male or female; percentages are out of the total nonmissing.