Table 2.
Frequency and doses of perioperative drugs in 112 premature infants undergoing IH repair.
| Infants exposed: n (%) | Cumulative dose in mg/kg: Median (IQV) | |
|---|---|---|
| General anesthetics | ||
| Propofol | 79 (71) | 3.6 (2.3–5.3) |
| Ketamine | 1 (1) | 1.8 |
| Local/Regional anesthetics | ||
| Bupivacaine | 94 (84) | 1 (0.9–1.1) |
| Lidocaine | 5 (4) | 1 (0.5–1.7) |
| Ropivacaine | 1 (1) | 0.8 |
| Inhaled anesthetics | ||
| Sevoflurane* | 81 (72) | 105 (62–149) minutes |
| Desflurane | 26 (23) | 105 (74–131) minutes |
| Isoflurane | 9 (8) | 78 (23–180) minutes |
| Neuromuscular blocking agents | ||
| Cisatracurium* | 83 (74) | 0.21 (0.15–0.34) |
| Vecuronium* | 4 (4) | 0.47 (0.27–1.38) |
| Rocuronium* | 2 (2) | 1 (0.97–1.05) |
| Succinylcholine* | 1 (1) | 2 |
| Opioid agents | ||
| Fentanyl | 42 (38) | 2.7 (1.2–12.2) mcg/kg |
| Morphine | 3 (3) | 0.1 (0.08–0.18) |
| Remifentanil* | 1 (1) | 8.2 mcg/kg |
| Respiratory stimulant | ||
| Caffeine* | 56 (50) | 19 (16–20) |
| Airway anti-inflammatory agent | ||
| Dexamethasone | 33 (29) | 0.49 (0.48–0.56) |
| Anti-cholinergic agents | ||
| Neostigmine | 66 (59) | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) |
| Glycopyrrolate | 56 (50) | 0.01 (0.01–0.01) |
| Other medications | ||
| Acetaminophen | 99 (88) | 32 (25–48) |
| Clonidine | 2 (2) | 3.2 (1.7–4.7) mcg/kg |
IH, inguinal hernia; IQV, interquartile values; mg, milligrams; kg, kilograms; mcg, micrograms
*
Indicates US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in infants