Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with MDR/XDR-TB with or without DM at the baseline
| Characteristics | DM group (n = 107) | Non-DM group (n = 107) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, years (SD) | 49.8 ± 10.5 | 49.3 ± 9.7 | 0.736 |
| Male, no. (%) | 98 (91.6) | 98 (91.6) | > 0.999 |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 23.29 ± 3.9 | 20.5 ± 3.6 | < 0.001 |
| Patients with previous anti-TB treatment history, no. (%) | 90 (84.1) | 96 (89.7) | 0.224 |
| DST profile, no. (%) | > 0.999 | ||
| MDR-TB | 36 (33.6) | 36 (33.6) | |
| Pre-XDR-TB | 39 (36.5) | 39 (36.5) | |
| XDR-TB | 32 (29.9) | 32 (29.9) | |
| Median duration of TB, months (IQR) | 30.0 (9.0–72.0) | 44.0 (12.0–110.0) | 0.170 |
| Site of TB focus, no. (%) | 0.252 | ||
| Pulmonary only | 103 (96.3) | 98 (91.6) | |
| Pulmonary and extrapulmonary | 4 (3.7) | 9 (8.4) | |
| Lung cavities, no. (%) | 0.010 | ||
| Without any cavities | 14 (13.1) | 29 (27.1) | |
| With at least 1 cavity | 93 (86.9) | 78 (72.9) | |
| Comorbidities, no. (%) | |||
| Heart disease | 4 (3.7) | 3 (2.8) | 0.701 |
| Hepatitis infection | 17 (15.9) | 31 (29.0) | 0.022 |
| Median duration of DM, months (IQR) | 72 (20–120) | – | N/A |
| DM medications, no. (%) | – | N/A | |
| Insulin | 56 (52.3) | ||
| Oral hypoglycemica | 31 (29.0) | ||
| Both | 13 (12.2) | ||
| None | 7 (6.5) | ||
| Median fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L (IQR) | 7.7 (5.7–9.5) | – | N/A |
| Median glycosylated hemoglobin (IQR) | 7.3 (6.2–8.7) | – | N/A |
| Mean blood albumin, g/L (SD) | 39.7 ± 5.9 | 38.7 ± 5.0 | 0.164 |
BMI body mass index, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, DST drug susceptibility testing, MDR-TB multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, Pre-XDR-TB tuberculosis resistant to either a fluoroquinolone or a second-line injectable drug, XDR-TB extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, N/A not applicable
aIncluded metformin, acarbose, and thiazolidinediones