Table 3. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis of viral load in preclinical studies.
| Total number of studies | Total sample size | Subgroup analysis | Sensitivity analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exp. | Ctr. | SMD (95% CI) | I2 | P | SMD (95% CI) | I2 | P | ||
| Effect estimates | |||||||||
| SEM | 10 | 132 | 121 | −1.14 (−1.47, −0.82) | 22% | 0.24 | −1.05 (−1.33, −1.77) | 0% | 0.73 |
| SD | 19 | 461 | 275 | −1.26 (−1.63, −0.88) | 79% | <0.001 | −1.16 (−1.51, −0.80) | 75% | <0.001 |
| Viral type | |||||||||
| H1N1 | 15 | 283 | 181 | −1.54 (−1.98, −1.10) | 73% | <0.001 | −1.44 (−1.86, −1.01) | 69% | <0.001 |
| Others | 4 | 208 | 104 | −0.42 (−0.66, −0.18) | 0% | 0.53 | - | - | - |
| Microbial agents | |||||||||
| Prebiotics | 4 | 53 | 43 | −2.39 (−4.16, −0.61) | 90% | <0.001 | −3.07 (−3.83, −2.30) | 0% | 0.4 |
| Probiotics | 15 | 438 | 242 | −1.00 (−1.46, −0.54) | 84% | <0.001 | −0.86 (−1.25, −0.46) | 79% | <0.001 |
Data were analyzed using a random-effects model. We analyzed the Effect estimates group for the included preclinical studies regarding viral load. We analyzed the viral type and microbial agent groups in the preclinical studies using SD as the effect estimate. Abbreviations: Ctr, control group; Exp, experimental group.