Table 1.
List of movement biomarkers having at least 3 COSMIN items assessed in the included studies. Biomarkers for which all these items reached at least a good level (see Table 4 for measurement properties rating) are in bold.
| ID | Variable name | Task | Reliability | Validity | Interpr | Clinical appl | Study | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R1 | R2 | V1 | V2 | V3 | MDC | |||||
| BMo3 | Hip sagittal angle (rom) | Sit to stand | +/++ | NA | +++ | NA | ++ | ● | + | Pourahmadi et al., 201857 |
| BMo4 | Hip sagittal angle (rom) | Stand to sit | ++/++ | NA | +++ | NA | ++ | ● | + | Pourahmadi et al., 201857 |
| BMo5 | Lower lumbar sagittal angle (max) | Trunk sagittal bending | +++/++ | NA | +++ | NA | +++ | ● | + | Hidalgo et al., 201225 |
| BMo6 | Lower lumbar sagittal angular velocity (max) | Trunk sagittal bending | +++/++ | NA | +++ | NA | ++ | ● | + | Hidalgo et al., 201225 |
| BMo9 | Lower thorax sagittal angle (max) | Trunk sagittal bending | ++/+++ | NA | +++ | NA | +++ | ● | + | Hidalgo et al., 201225 |
| BMo10 | Lumbar contribution to thorax angle (rom) | Trunk sagittal bending | NA | NA | +++ | NA | + | ● | + | Laird et al., 201642 |
| BMo12 | Lumbar sagittal angle (max) | Trunk sagittal bending | +++/++ | NA | ++ | NA | ++ | ● | + | Hidalgo et al., 201225, 201358 |
| BMo17 | Lumbar sagittal angular velocity (max) | Trunk sagittal bending | +++/++ | NA | +++ | NA | +++ | ● | + | Hidalgo et al., 201225 |
| BMo19 | Lumbar transversal angle (max) | Trunk rotation | ++/++ | ++/++ | +++ | NA | + | NA | + | Haj et al., 201959 |
| BMo20 | Lumbar transversal angular acceleration (max) | Trunk rotation | ++/++ | ++/++ | +++ | NA | + | NA | + | Haj et al., 201959 |
| BMo21 | Lumbar transversal angular velocity (max) | Trunk rotation | ++/++ | ++/++ | +++ | NA | + | NA | + | Haj et al., 201959 |
| BMo22 | Lumbar transversal angular velocity (mean) | Trunk rotation | ++/++ | ++/++ | +++ | NA | + | NA | + | Haj et al., 201959 |
| BMo23 | Lumbar/hip ratio of sagittal angle (rom) | Sit to stand | +/+ | NA | +++ | NA | ++ | ● | + | Pourahmadi et al., 201857 |
| BMo24 | Lumbar/hip ratio of sagittal angle (rom) | Stand to sit | +/++ | NA | +++ | NA | ++ | ● | + | Pourahmadi et al., 201857 |
| BMo25 | Lumbar/hip relative phase difference (max) | Sit to stand | ++/++ | NA | +++ | NA | ++ | ● | + | Pourahmadi et al., 201857 |
| BMo26 | Lumbar/hip relative phase difference (mean) | Sit to stand | +/++ | NA | +++ | NA | + | ● | + | Pourahmadi et al., 201857 |
| BMo27 | Lumbar/hip relative phase difference (mean) | Stand to sit | +/++ | NA | +++ | NA | + | ● | + | Pourahmadi et al., 201857 |
| BMo28 | Lumbar/hip relative phase difference (min) | Sit to stand | +/+ | NA | +++ | NA | ++ | ● | + | Pourahmadi et al., 201857 |
| BMo29 | Lumbar/pelvis absolute relative phase (mean) | Trunk sagittal bending | +/+ | NA | +++ | NA | ++ | NA | + | Mokhtarinia et al., 201660 |
| BMo30 | Lumbar/pelvis deviation phase (mean) | Trunk sagittal bending | +/+ | NA | +++ | NA | + | NA | + | Mokhtarinia et al., 201660 |
| BMo33 | Lumbopelvic sagittal angle (rom) | Sit to stand | ++/+ | NA | +++ | NA | ++ | ● | + | Pourahmadi et al., 201857 |
| BMo34 | Lumbopelvic sagittal angle (rom) | Stand to sit | +/+ | NA | +++ | NA | ++ | ● | + | Pourahmadi et al., 201857 |
| BMo37 | Pelvis sagittal angle (max) | Trunk sagittal bending | NA | ++/++ | ++ | NA | ++ | NA | +++ | Neblett et al., 201337 |
| BMo42 | Pelvis/thigh deviation phase (mean) | Trunk sagittal bending | +/+ | NA | +++ | NA | ++ | NA | + | Mokhtarinia et al., 201660 |
| BMo43 | Scapular belt transversal angle (max) | Trunk rotation | ++/++ | NA | +++ | NA | ++ | ● | + | Hidalgo et al., 201225 |
| BMo44 | Thoracopelvic sagittal angle (max) | Trunk sagittal bending | NA | ++/++ | ++ | NA | ++ | NA | ++ |
Ahern et al., 198861; Larivière et al., 201162; Neblett et al., 201337 |
| BMo49 | Thorax sagittal angle (max) | Trunk sagittal bending | NA | ++/++ | ++ | NA | ++ | NA | +++ | Neblett et al., 201337 |
| BMo57 | Upper lumbar sagittal angle (max) | Trunk sagittal bending | +++/++ | NA | +++ | NA | +++ | ● | + | Hidalgo et al., 201225 |
| BMo58 | Upper lumbar sagittal angular velocity (max) | Trunk sagittal bending | +++/++ | NA | +++ | NA | +++ | ● | + | Hidalgo et al., 201225 |
| BMo59 | Upper thorax sagittal angle (max) | Trunk sagittal bending | ++/+++ | NA | +++ | NA | +++ | ● | + | Hidalgo et al., 201225 |
| BMo80 | Lumbopelvic sagittal angle (max) | Trunk sagittal bending | +++/NA | NA | +++ | NA | +++ | ● | + | Matheve et al., 201963 |
R1: Intra-observer reliability (controls/patients); R2: Inter-observer reliability (controls/patients); V1: Content validity; V2: Criterion validity; V3: Construct validity, rom: range of motion, max: maximum.
min: minimum, MDC: minimum detectable change, interp.: interpretability, appl.: applicability, in bold: biomarkers for which all items reached at least a good level (see Table 1 for measurement properties rating).
+++: Excellent; ++: Good; +: Moderate; ●: available; NA: not available (see Table 4 for measurement properties rating).