Table 1.
Baseline Demographics of the Entire Cohort
| N (%)/Median (IQR) | |
|---|---|
| Age, y | 47.4 (34–61) |
| Female sex | 157 (46%) |
| Hypertension | 106 (31%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 40 (12%) |
| Smoking | 105 (31%) |
| Stroke | 20 (6%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 49 (14%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 99 (29%) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 45 (30–58) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction <50% | 194 (57%) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 76 (22%) |
| Any cardiovascular implantable device | 57 (17%) |
| Implantable cardioverter defibrillator | 38 (11%) |
| Permanent pacemaker | 6 (2%) |
| Cardiac resynchronization therapy | 13 (4%) |
| Symptoms at presentation | |
| Dyspnea | 165 (49%) |
| Chest pain | 38 (11%) |
| Presyncope/syncope | 76 (22%) |
| Sudden cardiac death | 6 (2%) |
| Medication use | |
| Beta blocker | 217 (64%) |
| Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker | 167 (49%) |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 50 (15%) |
| Diuretic | 97 (29%) |
| Antiarrhythmic drug | 45 (13%) |
| Anticoagulation* | 85 (25%) |
| Aspirin | 143 (42%) |
| Other antiplatelet agent | 12 (4%) |
| Indication for echocardiography | |
| Evaluation of known cardiomyopathy | 180 (54%) |
| Atrial or ventricular arrhythmias | 42 (13%) |
| Symptoms suspected to be of cardiac origin | 41 (12%) |
| Other indications | 41 (12%) |
| Simple adult congenital heart defects | 13 (4%) |
| Abnormal physical examination | 12 (4%) |
| Evaluation of hemodynamic abnormalities | 5 (1%) |
IQR indicates 25th to 75th percentile interquartile range.
*
Either warfarin (87%) or novel oral anticoagulant (13%).