Table 1.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Patients Included According to P‐Wave Duration
|
PWD <110 ms |
PWD ≥110 to 139 ms |
PWD ≥140 ms |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | 44 (16) | 174 (62) | 64 (23) | |
| Age, y | 56±14 | 60±11 | 68±10 | <0.001 |
| Women, n (%) | 27 (61) | 58 (33) | 17 (27) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, Kg/mq | 25±4 | 27±5 | 28±5 | <0.001 |
| CHADS‐VASc | 1.6±1.4 | 1.7±1.4 | 2.8±1.5 | <0.001 |
| Non‐ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 1 (2.3) | 9 (5.2) | 7 (11) | 0.138 |
| History | ||||
| Paroxysmal AF, n (%) | 36 (82) | 147 (85) | 38 (59) | 0.020 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 5 (11) | 14 (8.1) | 9 (14) | 0.363 |
| Hypertension | 19 (43) | 97 (56) | 49 (77) | 0.001 |
| Stroke | 1 (2.3) | 16 (9.2) | 9 (14) | 0.046 |
| Medication, n (%) | ||||
| Beta‐blocking agents | 10 (23) | 67 (39) | 35 (55) | 0.001 |
| Antiarrhythmic drug class IC | 10 (23) | 51 (29) | 18 (28) | 0.656 |
| Sotalol | 11 (25) | 47 (27) | 12 (19) | 0.479 |
| Amiodarone | 2 (4.6) | 19 (11) | 4 (6.3) | 1.000 |
| Non‐Vitamin K oral anticoagulant | 19 (51) | 100 (70) | 41 (79) | 0.011 |
| Vitamin K oral anticoagulant | 3 (8.1) | 9 (6.3) | 7 (14) | 0.513 |
| Echocardiographic measurements | ||||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 61±4 | 59±7 | 56±7 | <0.001 |
| Left atrial diameter, mm | 36±7 | 40±6 | 42±6 | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary vein isolation by cryoablation, n (%) | 36 (82) | 159 (91) | 60 (94) | 0.066 |
AF indicates atrial fibrillation; n, absolute number; and PWD, P‐wave duration.