Table 3.
QTc Prolonging Risk Factors in Anti‐Ro/SSA‐Positive (n=612) Versus Anti‐Ro/SSA‐Negative (n=6727) Subjects of the Study Population
| Risk factor | n | Positive | n | Negative | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quantitative variables | ||||||
| Age | 606 | 63.5±11.8 y | 6654 | 61.2±12.2 y | 1.016 (1.009–1.023) | <0.001* |
| Potassium | 611 | 4.1±0.3 mEq/L | 6701 | 4.1±0.3 mEq/L | 0.681 (0.510–0.909) | 0.023* |
| Calcium | 602 | 9.2±0.4 mg/dL | 6438 | 9.3±0.4 mg/dL | 0.435 (0.352–0.536) | <0.001* |
| Thyrotropin | 550 | 2.6±3.4 µUI/mL | 5783 | 2.4±4.4 µUI/mL | 1.009 (0.994–1.024) | 0.22 |
| C‐reactive protein | 154 | 12.5±29.1 mg/L | 1176 | 13.0±32.7 mg/L | 0.999 (0.994–1.005) | 0.83 |
| Categorical variables | ||||||
| Demographic factors | ||||||
| Female sex | 612 | 26.3% | 6727 | 20.4% | 1.39 (1.15–1.68) | 0.001* |
| Cardiovascular risk factors/diseases | ||||||
| Smoking | 612 | 8.8% | 6727 | 7.7% | 1.16 (0.87–1.56) | 0.31 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 612 | 29.1% | 6727 | 26.8% | 1.12 (0.93–1.34) | 0.24 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 612 | 24.7% | 6727 | 15.9% | 1.74 (0.43–2.11) | <0.001* |
| Drugs | ||||||
| Anesthetics | 612 | 1.6% | 6727 | 1.1% | 1.47 (0.76–2.86) | 0.23 |
| Antiarrhythmics | 612 | 5.1% | 6727 | 0.8% | 6.98 (4.43–11.0) | <0.001* |
| Antibiotics | 612 | 62.9% | 6727 | 52.1% | 1.56 (1.31–1.85) | <0.001* |
| Antidepressants | 612 | 62.4% | 6727 | 51.9% | 1.54 (1.30–1.83) | <0.001* |
| Antiemetics | 612 | 29.1% | 6727 | 18.9% | 1.76 (1.46–2.12) | <0.001* |
| Antihistaminics | 612 | 40.8% | 6727 | 28.4% | 1.74 (1.47–2.06) | <0.001* |
| Antimalarials | 612 | 48.9% | 6727 | 6.2% | 14.38 (11.93–17.33) | <0.001* |
| Antipsychotics | 612 | 32.0% | 6727 | 21.3% | 1.74 (1.45–2.08) | <0.001* |
| Bronchodilators | 612 | 48.7% | 6727 | 34.5% | 1.80 (1.53–2.13) | <0.001* |
| Cholinesterase inhibitors | 612 | 4.2% | 6727 | 2.3% | 1.87 (1.22–2.85) | 0.006* |
| Diuretics | 612 | 44.4% | 6727 | 39.3% | 1.23 (1.04–1.45) | 0.014* |
| H2‐histamine receptor antagonists | 612 | 1.1% | 6727 | 1.4% | 0.81 (0.37–1.75) | 0.71 |
| Inotropes | 612 | 1.0% | 6727 | 0.4% | 2.55 (1.05–6.22) | 0.046* |
| Opiates | 612 | 4.9% | 6727 | 4.9% | 1.01 (0.68–1.47) | 0.92 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 612 | 22.4% | 6727 | 17.6% | 1.35 (1.10–1.65) | 0.004* |
| Vasoconstrictors | 612 | 1.8% | 6727 | 0.7% | 2.66 (1.37–5.16) | 0.007* |
For continuous variables, the data are expressed as mean±SD. For categorical variables, the data are expressed as n (%). Differences in quantitative variables were evaluated by the 2‐tail Mann‐Whitney test or unpaired t test. Difference in categorical variables were evaluated by the 2‐sided Fisher's exact test. Anti‐Ro/SSA indicates anti‐Sjögren's syndrome‐related antigen A‐antibodies; Negative, anti‐Ro/SSA‐negative subjects; Positive, anti‐Ro/SSA‐positive subjects; and QTc, heart rate‐corrected QT interval.
*
P<0.05.