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. 2021 Jan 30;10(4):e017437. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.017437

Figure 5. Paradoxical signaling cont’d.

Figure 5

Higher levels of (A) total MAPK ERK1/ERK2 (mitogen‐activated protein kinase) are observed in ischemic myocardial lysates of high fat diet (HFD) animals but (B) phosphorylation of this protein is inhibited in this group. There is no observable change in the expression of (C) total Akt (protein kinase B) between the groups; however, (D) phosphorylated levels are significantly increased in the HFD group. Interestingly, the HFD is attributed to a reduction in the expression of (E) TGF‐β (transforming growth factor‐β), suggesting that alternative molecular signals may be implicated in the fibrotic response to metabolic stress.