Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics by Presence or Absence of Frailty
| Nonfrail | Frail | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
N=146 425 (89.78%) |
N=16 660 (10.22%) | ||
| Age, y | 71.78±10.46 | 77.51±10.61 | |
| Age (y) above 75, % | 33.32 | 55.07 | <0.001 |
| Male, % | 97.48 | 97.27 | 0.1039 |
| Race/Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| Hispanic, % | 4.93 | 5.11 | |
| Black, % | 19.94 | 21.69 | |
| White, % | 72.61 | 70.79 | |
| Race/Ethnicity other than Black, White, Hispanic, % | 2.52 | 2.41 | |
| Vital signs at the baseline visit | |||
| Systolic blood pressure | 128.35±20.03 | 127.14±20.57 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 72.23±11.44 | 69.81±11.10 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate | 75.71±14.73 | 76.42±14.56 | <0.001 |
| Oxygen saturation | 95.87±2.64 | 95.87±2.68 | <0.001 |
| Respiration rate | 18.27±2.18 | 18.38±2.31 | <0.001 |
| Body temperature | 97.77±0.69 | 97.77±0.74 | <0.001 |
| Height | 69.46±3.09 | 69.30±3.29 | <0.001 |
| Weight | 211.6±53.61 | 190.65±55.75 | <0.001 |
| Medical history | |||
| Coronary artery disease, % | 71.03 | 75.32 | <0.001 |
| Valve disease, % | 22.07 | 25.83 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 92.64 | 94.98 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 55.93 | 60.49 | <0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease, % | 47.63 | 56.57 | <0.001 |
| Liver disease, % | 10.97 | 13.29 | <0.001 |
| Malignancy, % | 17.72 | 26.33 | <0.001 |
| Depression, % | 33.88 | 47.29 | <0.001 |
| Psychiatric disease, % | 4.23 | 7.67 | <0.001 |
| Any admission in previous year, % | 58.13 | 79.47 | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine within 6 mo | 1.54±1.25 | 1.69±1.37 | <0.001 |
| 0.0–0.7 mg/dL, % | 5.7 | 7.23 | |
| 0.8–0.9 mg/dL, % | 19.28 | 15.53 | |
| 1.0–1.4 mg/dL, % | 45.19 | 40.04 | |
| 1.5–1.9 mg/dL, % | 15.4 | 18.05 | |
| 2.0–2.4 mg/dL, % | 12.48 | 17.59 | |
| >2.5 mg/dL, % | 1.95 | 1.57 | |
| BNP or NT‐proBNP within 6 mo | <0.001 | ||
| ≦100 [BNP] or ≦400 [NT‐pro], % | 13.89 | 10.73 | |
| 101–200 or 401–1000, % | 11.14 | 11.02 | |
| 201–700 or 1001–4000, % | 22.35 | 26.21 | |
| 701–1000 or 4001–6000, % | 5.07 | 7.07 | |
| >1000 or >6000, % | 12.7 | 19.66 | |
| Missing, % | 34.86 | 25.31 | |
| LVEF >40, % | 61.2 | 65.97 | <0.001 |
| LVEF | <0.001 | ||
| <20, % | 4.93 | 4.51 | |
| 20–29, % | 14.51 | 12.98 | |
| 30–39, % | 19.36 | 16.54 | |
| 40–49, % | 21.04 | 21.04 | |
| 50–59, % | 23.42 | 26.13 | |
| 60–69, % | 14.51 | 16.33 | |
| ≧70, % | 2.23 | 2.46 | |
| Use of guideline‐based medications | |||
| Beta blocker, % | 73.63 | 71.61 | 0.002 |
| Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, % | 74.18 | 67.44 | <0.001 |
| Mineral corticosteroid receptor antagonists, % | 29.16 | 24.33 | <0.001 |
BNP indicates brain natriuretic peptides; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; and NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide.