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. 2020 Dec 5;9(24):e018418. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.018418

Figure 5. Immunohistochemistry staining for HIF‐1α, VEGF‐A, and MMP‐9.

Figure 5

A through C, Representative stains of HIF‐1α (A), VEGF‐A (B) and MMP‐9 (C) staining at day 28. D through F, Semiquantitative analysis showed a significant decrease in the average HIF‐1α (C N=6, MP N=4, SV N=6), VEGF‐A (C N=5, MP N=4, SV N=6), and MMP‐9 (C N=5, MP N=5, SV N=6) index in the SV‐treated vessels compared with the control group at day 28. There was also a significant decrease in average HIF‐1α and VEGF‐A positive index in the SV‐treated vessels compared with the MP group. A significant difference was observed in the MP group for average MMP‐9 index compared with the control group. Cells staining brown are positive for HIF‐1α, VEGF‐A, and MMP‐9. Two‐sample t test was performed (D through F). Each bar represents mean±SD. Significant differences are indicated by *P<0.05 and **P<0.01. Scale bar is 50 μm. C indicates controls; HIF‐1α, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α; MMP‐9, matrix metalloproteinase‐9; MP, microparticles; SV, simvastatin; and VEGF‐A, vascular endothelial growth factor‐A.