Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients Admitted With COVID‐19
| Characteristic |
All Patients (n=4252) |
Statin (n=1355) |
No Statin (n=2897) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 65±16 | 69±12 | 63±17 | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 1997 (47) | 618 (46) | 1379 (47) | 0.22 |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.54 | |||
| Non‐Hispanic Black | 1561 (37) | 510 (38) | 1051 (36) | |
| Non‐Hispanic White | 351 (8) | 114 (8) | 237 (8) | |
| Hispanic | 1570 (37) | 502 (37) | 1068 (37) | |
| Other*/Unknown | 770 (18) | 229 (17) | 541 (19) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.5 (24.7–33.2) | 28 (25–33) | 29 (25–33) | 0.028 |
| Past medical diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 2266 (53) | 983 (73) | 1283 (44) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 3060 (72) | 1175 (86) | 1885 (65) | <0.001 |
| ASHD | 1111 (26) | 583 (43) | 528 (18) | <0.001 |
| Lung disease | 1203 (28) | 458 (34) | 745 (26) | <0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 3 (2–7) | 5 (3–8) | 3 (1–5) | <0.001 |
| Days from symptoms to presentation | 3 (0–7) | 2 (0–5) | 3 (0–7) | 0.015 |
| Vital signs at presentation | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 131 (115–148) | 133 (117–151) | 129 (113–146) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 75 (65–84) | 74 (65–83) | 75 (65–85) | 0.042 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 98 (86–112) | 95 (82–108) | 100 (87–114) | <0.001 |
| Oxygen saturation, % | 95 (90–98) | 95 (92–98) | 95 (90–98) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 20 (18–22) | 20 (18–22) | 20 (18–23) | <0.001 |
| Temperature, ˚F | 98.9 (98.2–100.1) | 98.8 (98.2–100) | 99 (98.2–100.1) | 0.012 |
| Laboratory markers | ||||
| Alanine transaminase, U/L | 27 (17–44) | 24 (16–38) | 29 (18–47) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil count, k/μL | 5.7 (3.9–8.4) | 5.4 (3.7–7.7) | 5.8 (4–8.7) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte count, k/μL | 1 (0.7–1.4) | 1 (0.7–1.3) | 1 (0.7–1.4) | <0.002 |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | 785 (369–1607) | 710 (355–1464) | 816 (389–1703) | 0.015 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 397 (292–547) | 370 (285–505) | 413 (298–576) | <0.001 |
| C‐reactive protein, mg/L | 10.6 (4.5–18.9) | 9.9 (4–17.4) | 11.1 (4.7–19.5) | 0.005 |
| d‐dimer, μg/mL | 1.84 (0.94–4.2) | 1.83 (0.92–3.61) | 1.86 (0.94–4.55) | 0.17 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.1 (0.3–0.9) | 0.2 (0.1–0.7) | 0.3 (0.1–1.1) | 0.003 |
| Lactic acid, mmole/L | 2.1 (1.6–3) | 2.1 (1.5–2.8) | 2.1 (1.6–3.2) | 0.001 |
| ProBNP, pg/mL | 480 (114–1983) | 611 (151–2724) | 415 (95–1661) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.2 (0.8–2) | 1.3 (0.92–2.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.8) | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 141 (114–207) | 153 (117–229) | 138 (133–195) | <0.001 |
| Troponin T, mg/mL | 0.01 (0.01–0.04) | 0.01 (0.01–0.05) | 0.01 (0.01–0.03) | <0.001 |
| Inpatient medications, n (%) | ||||
| ACE inhibitors | 282 (6.6) | 163 (12) | 119 (4) | <0.001 |
| ARB | 241 (5.7) | 124 (9) | 117 (4) | <0.001 |
| Hydroxycholoroquine | 3031 (71) | 1007 (74) | 2024 (70) | 0.003 |
| Antibiotics | 3352 (76) | 1026 (76) | 2226 (77) | 0.42 |
| Intravenous steroids | 947 (22) | 315 (23) | 632 (22) | 0.30 |
| Statin type, % | ||||
| Atorvastatin | 1024 (76) | |||
| Pravastatin | 74 (5) | |||
| Rosuvastatin | 10 (1) | |||
| Simvastatin | 247 (18) | |||
The following were the available samples sizes for variables with >5% missing data: alanine transaminase (n=3901), ferritin (n=1663), lactate dehydrogenase (n=2635), C‐reactive protein (n=2083), d‐dimer (n=1857), procalcitonin (n=1537), lactic acid (n=3705), creatinine (n=4108), glucose (n=3703), and troponin (n=3384). ACE indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ASHD, atherosclerotic heart disease; BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide; and COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019.
*
Other includes Asian, Pacific Islander, American Indian, Alaskan Native, or Other.