Table 1.
Study | Participants (Sample Size and Mean Age) | Exercise Intervention | Criteria to Define Hypertension | Antihypertensive Treatment | Main Effects on ABP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barroso et al 34 |
|
|
Office SBP/DBP ≥140/90 mm Hg after no drug treatment for ≥2 wk | No (drug washout before the study of 2 wk) |
|
Bertani et al 21 |
|
AIT, alternating high and low‐intensity each 2 min for 20 min RT, 2 sets of 6–10 repetitions for 9 exercises
AIT: 60%–80% of MHR RT: 75% of 1RM |
"Hypertensives taking medication" (no other specification) |
Yes |
|
Blumenthal et al 22 |
ET: n=54 (≈46 y) CG: n=24 (≈47 y) |
|
"Unmedicated high normal BP" or stage 1–2 hypertension (mean office SBP 130–180 mm Hg and/or mean office DBP 85–110 mm Hg) |
No (drug washout before the study for at least 6 wk) |
|
Blumenthal et al 23 |
ET: n=41 (≈54 y) RT+flexibility: n=35 (≈46 y) CG: n=23 (≈45 y) |
|
Office SBP 140–180 mm Hg or office DBP 90–105 mm Hg |
No (drug washout before the study of 4 wk) |
|
Brito et al 44 |
ET: n=15 (≈51 y) MT: n=15 (≈49 y) CG: n=20 (≈50 y) |
|
Office SBP <160 mm Hg and office DBP <105 mm Hg while receiving anti‐hypertensive drugs for ≥4 mo |
Yes |
|
Dimeo et al 30 |
|
|
RH (ie, defined as office SBP/DBP ≥140/90 mm Hg in spite of concurrent use of 3 anti‐hypertensive drugs of different classes or a BP that is controlled with ≥4 anti‐hypertensive drugs) | Yes |
|
Farah et al 26 |
Age range, ≈58–61 y |
|
"Use of anti‐hypertensive medications" | Yes |
|
Guimaraes et al 33 |
|
|
RH for >5 y with unchanged or regular use of 3 anti‐hypertensive drugs in the past 3 mo, with an office SBP/DBP ≥140/90 mm Hg | Yes |
|
Guimaraes et al 28 |
Age range, ≈45–50 y |
AIT: alternating 2 min at 50% and 1 min at 80% of HRR RT: submaximal strength training |
Hypertensive subjects on anti‐hypertensive medication with "controlled" office BP (SBP <140 mm Hg and DBP <90 mm Hg) | Yes |
|
Lima et al 24 |
Age range, ≈67–69 y |
|
People regularly using anti‐hypertensive medication (hydrochlorothiazide, ACE inhibitors or ARB), with office SBP <160 mm Hg and office DBP <105 mm Hg) | Yes |
|
Molmen ‐Hansen et al 49 |
|
AIT 4×4 min intervals 85%–90% of MHR, with 3 min at 60%–70% of MHR |
Essential hypertension stage 1–2, defined as office SBP 140–179 mm Hg and/or office DBP 90–109 mm Hg |
No (drug washout before the study of 4 wk) |
|
Motlagh et al 20 |
|
|
Diagnosed with primary hypertension, with an office SBP <170 mm Hg and taking ≥1 anti‐hypertensive medication | Yes |
|
Pagonas et al 29 |
|
|
Patients under anti‐hypertension treatment with ≥1 anti‐hypertensive drug and/or office SBP/DBP ≥140/90 mm Hg |
Yes |
|
Stiller‐Moldovan et al 32 |
Age range, ≈60–62 y |
|
Individuals medicated for hypertension for ≥4 mo | Yes |
|
Westhoff et al 31 |
|
|
Current anti‐hypertension treatment, ambulatory DBP ≤90 mm Hg | Yes |
|
1RM indicates one maximum repetition; ABP, ambulatory blood pressure; ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; AIT, aerobic interval training; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; BP, blood pressure; CG, control group; CT, combined training; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ET, evening training; HIIT, high‐intensity interval training; HRR, heart rate reserve; IT, isometric handgrip training; MT, morning training; MHR, maximum heart rate; MICT, moderate‐intensity continuous training; MVC, maximal voluntary contraction; RCP, respiratory compensation point; RH, resistant hypertension; RHR, reserve heart rate; RT, resistance training; SBP, systolic blood pressure; and VO2max, maximal oxygen uptake.