Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of All Included 407 072 UK Biobank Participants
| Characteristics | Men | Women |
|---|---|---|
| Total, N | 186 968 | 220 104 |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 57.16 (8.08) | 56.72 (7.92) |
| Daily caffeine intake, mg/d, median (IQR) | ||
| Combined caffeine | 210 (150–300) | 180 (120–270) |
| Caffeine from coffee | 85 (6–180) | 60 (3–170) |
| Caffeine from tea | 90 (60–150) | 90 (60–150) |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (SD) | ||
| Systolic | 139.60 (16.15) | 128.74 (17.88) |
| Diastolic | 84.69 (8.22) | 79.94 (8.20) |
| Active smoker, N (%) | ||
| No | 164 791 (88.1) | 200 946 (91.3) |
| Yes | 22 177 (11.9) | 19 158 (8.7) |
| Body mass index , kg/m2, mean (SD) | 27.85 (4.23) | 27.05 (5.13) |
| Weekly alcohol intake, UK units, median (IQR) | 15.40 (5.50, 28.40) | 6.40 (1.60, 13.20) |
| Hypertension, N (%) | ||
| No | 119 965 (64.2) | 160 881 (73.1) |
| Yes | 67 003 (35.8) | 59 223 (26.9) |
| Hyperlipidemia, N (%) | ||
| No | 139 471 (74.6) | 188 444 (85.6) |
| Yes | 47 497 (25.4) | 31 660 (14.4) |
Combined caffeine intake was calculated as the sum of caffeine intake from coffee and tea. Body mass index was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Smoking status and weekly alcohol intake were self‐reported at inclusion. IQR indicates interquartile range.