Table 1.
Clinicopathologic features of pDC-AML
| pDC-AML at diagnosis(n = 26) | pDC-AML late (n = 16) | pDC-AML (combined)(n = 42) | AML without pDC expansion (n = 100) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 72 (65-77)* | 59 (35-70) | 68 (58-76) | 62 (50-70) |
| Sex, male/female, n | 19/7 | 12/4 | 31/11 | 56/44 |
| Prior therapy, n | 7 (5 HMA, 1 lenalidomide, 1 HMA + lenalidomide) | 2 (2 HMA) | 9 (7 HMA, 1 lenalidomide, 1 HMA + lenalidomide) | 22 (20 HMAs, 1 HMA + ruxolitinib, 1 anti-CD33) |
| Prior allo-HSCT, n | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| History of MDS/CMML, n | 9/1 | 4/0 | 13/1 | 21/7 |
| CBC at diagnosis | ||||
| WBC, ×109/L, median (IQR) | 3.5 (1.2-9.1) | 6.5 (1.3-26.5) | 4.1 (1.2-11.5) | 3.5 (1.8-8.9) |
| ANC, ×109/L, median (IQR) | 0.55 (0.20-2.8) | 0.60 (0.18-4.5) | 0.55 (0.20-3.0) | 0.6 (0.2-1.9) |
| Absolute monocytes, ×109/L, median (IQR) | 0.20 (0.0-1.4) | 0.10 (0.0-2.3) | 0.15 (0.0-1.6) | 0.10 (0-0.75) |
| Hb, g/dL, median (IQR) | 8.5 (7.5-9.8) | 8.5 (7.1-11.2) | 8.5 (7.5-12.6) | 8.9 (7.6-10.4) |
| PLT, ×109/L, median (IQR) | 78 (39-105)* | 44 (27-64) | 63 (37-97) | 53 (27-114) |
| Blasts, median (IQR), % | 0 (0-19)* | 28 (0-63) | 2.5 (0-30)† | 20 (5-47) |
| BM blasts, median (IQR), % | 37 (27-66) | 42 (22-80) | 37 (24-69) | 42 (30-65) |
| BM cellularity, median (IQR), % | 70 (30-80) | 60 (30-100) | 65 (30-80)† | 80 (60-90) |
| Extramedullary disease, n (%)/sites | 6 (23)/(5 skin, 1 lymph node) | 1 (6)/(skin and lymph node) | 7 (17)/(6 skin, 2 lymph node) | 8 (8)/(3 skin, 1 lymph node, 1 lung, 1 breast, 1 ovary, 1 soft tissue) |
| ≥2 Cross lineage markers, n (%) | 6/25 (24) | 7/16 (44) | 13/41 (32)‡ | 3 (3) |
| Blast CD123 MFI, median (IQR) | 2538 (1146-3563)* | 1108 (765-1682) | 1773 (1006-3077)‡ | 1008 (673-1936) |
| ECOG status documented, n | 19 | 10 | 29 | 61 |
| 0 | 12 | 5 | 17 | 35 |
| 1 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 24 |
| 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| AML WHO classification, n | ||||
| De novo AML | 12 | 8 | 20 | 55 |
| Therapy-related AML | 2 | 2 | 4 | 17 |
| AML-MRC | 12 | 6 | 18 | 28 |
| CG risk stratification, n | ||||
| Favorable | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| Intermediate | 20 | 11 | 31 | 67 |
| Normal karyotype | 7 | 8 | 15 | 41 |
| Unfavorable | 5 | 4 | 9 | 21 |
| Complex karyotype | 2 | 0 | 2 | 12 |
| Unavailable | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| ELN risk stratification, n | ||||
| Favorable | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
| Intermediate | 3 | 4 | 7 | 41 |
| Adverse | 23 | 7 | 30‡ | 35 |
| Unavailable | 0 | 5 | 5 | 1 |
| Response, n (%) | ||||
| CR | 6 (23) | 7 (44) | 13 (31) | 62 (62) |
| CRi | 1 (4) | 2 (13) | 3 (7) | 9 (9) |
| MLFS | 1 (4) | 1 (6) | 2 (5) | 5 (5) |
| PR | 2 (8) | 2 (13) | 4 (10) | 5 (5) |
| Induction therapy, n | 9 | 12 | 21 | 100 |
| Consolidation therapy, n | 6 | 6 | 12 | 39 |
| HSCT, n (%) | 5 (19) | 11 (69) | 16 (38) | 61 (61) |
| Relapse post-HSCT | 2 (40) | 4 (36) | 6 (38) | 8 (13) |
| Median overall survival from diagnosis, mo | 15.9* | 30.8 | 18.8 | 36.7 |
allo-HSCT, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; AML-MRC, AML with myelodysplasia-related changes; ANC, absolute neutrophil count; CBC, complete blood count; CG, cytogenetic; CR, complete remission; CRi, incomplete remission; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; ELN, European LeukemiaNet; Hb, hemoglobin; HMA, hypomethylating agent; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome; MLFS, morphologic leukemia-free state; PLT, platelets; PR, partial response; WBC, white blood cell; WHO, World Health Organization.
P < .05, Student t test, pDC-AML at diagnosis vs pDC-AML late.
P < .05, Student t test, pDC-AML (combined) vs AML without pDC expansion.
P < .0001, Fisher’s exact test, pDC-AML (combined) vs AML without pDC expansion.