Table 1.
Participant Characteristics by MVPA Quartile, the CARDIA Study (2005–2016)*
| Year 20 Participant Characteristics | Overall, min/d | Q1 (1.15, 18.72) | Q2 (18.72, 31.91) | Q3 (31.91, 49.96) | Q4 (49.96, 322.47) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y ±SD | 45.27±3.56 | 45.16±3.75 | 45.13±3.63 | 45.54±3.47 | 45.24±3.38 | 0.247 |
| Female, n (%) | 1148 (58.27) | 373 (75.81) | 301 (61.05) | 250 (50.71) | 224 (45.53) | <0.001 |
| White, n (%) | 1179 (59.85) | 220 (44.72) | 283 (57.40) | 343 (69.57) | 333 (67.68) | <0.001 |
| Education, y ±SD | 15.32±2.53 | 14.80±2.44 | 15.18±2.46 | 15.58±2.54 | 15.71±2.59 | <0.001 |
| Unemployment, n (%) | 198 (10.05) | 58 (11.79) | 50 (10.14) | 47 (9.53) | 43 (8.74) | 0.435 |
| Health insurance, n (%) | 1766 (89.64) | 428 (86.99) | 437 (88.64) | 455 (92.29) | 446 (90.65) | 0.118 |
| CES‐D score ±SD | 8.48±7.21 | 8.70±7.59 | 8.75±7.34 | 8.38±7.35 | 8.08±6.51 | 0.678 |
| BMI, kg/m2 ±SD | 28.95±6.96 | 30.46±7.14 | 29.48±6.91 | 28.30±6.14 | 27.54±7.26 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 154 (7.82) | 60 (12.20) | 36 (7.30) | 39 (7.91) | 19 (3.86) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 579 (29.39) | 180 (36.59) | 174 (35.29) | 107 (21.70) | 118 (23.98) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular/renal disease, n (%) | 75 (3.86) | 23 (4.78) | 24 (4.92) | 13 (2.67) | 15 (3.07) | 0.153 |
| ApoE E4 allele, n (%), n=1794 | 508 (28.32) | 137 (31.21) | 140 (30.91) | 119 (26.15) | 112 (25.06) | 0.082 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.378 | |||||
| Current | 293 (14.87) | 83 (16.87) | 71 (14.40) | 66 (13.39) | 73 (14.84) | |
| Former | 414 (21.02) | 92 (18.70) | 114 (23.12) | 113 (22.92) | 95 (19.31) | |
| Never | 1263 (64.11) | 317 (64.43) | 308 (62.47) | 314 (63.69) | 324 (65.85) | |
| Alcohol, mL/d ±SD | 11.01±22.85 | 7.34±21.24 | 10.53±24.61 | 12.18±24.30 | 13.98±20.48 | <0.001 |
| Diet‐quality score ±SD, n=1753 | 63.52±12.76 | 59.69±11.76 | 62.93±12.56 | 65.34±12.49 | 66.32±13.23 | <0.001 |
| Sleep quality, n (%) | 0.224 | |||||
| Very good | 353 (17.92) | 80 (16.26) | 94 (19.07) | 84 (17.04) | 95 (19.31) | |
| Fairly good | 720 (36.55) | 173 (35.16) | 188 (38.13) | 180 (36.51) | 179 (36.38) | |
| Good | 581 (29.49) | 150 (30.49) | 136 (27.59) | 148 (30.02) | 147 (29.88) | |
| Fairly bad | 292 (14.82) | 76 (15.45) | 71 (14.40) | 78 (15.82) | 67 (13.62) | |
| Very bad | 24 (1.22) | 13 (2.64) | 4 (0.81) | 3 (0.61) | 4 (0.81) | |
| Self‐reported snoring, n (%) | 1105 (56.1) | 281 (57.11) | 276 (55.98) | 289 (58.62) | 259 (52.64) | 0.277 |
| Self‐reported sleep, h ±SD | 6.70±1.30 | 6.60±1.33 | 6.74±1.35 | 6.76±1.41 | 6.71±1.07 | 0.182 |
| Accelerometer min/d ±SD | ||||||
| Sedentary | 490.574±101.48 | 516.23±93.03 | 506.99±102.71 | 486.45±96.61 | 452.61±101.62 | <0.001 |
| LPA | 360.61±85.44 | 340.27±83.81 | 358.24±81.44 | 365.75±84.08 | 378.18±86.13 | <0.001 |
| MVPA | 35.81±26.04 | 11.39±4.24 | 23.67±3.78 | 38.25±5.18 | 69.95±27.21 | <0.001 |
| Sleep † | 506.32±67.90 | 517.72±66.23 | 505.83±69.48 | 504.49±68.24 | 497.25±66.20 | 0.001 |
| Year 25 cognition scores ±SD | ||||||
| DSST ‡ | 72.98±15.20 | 71.98±15.28 | 73.12±14.65 | 73.28±15.08 | 73.55±15.78 | 0.406 |
| RAVLT § | 8.83±3.18 | 8.83±3.07 | 8.86±3.32 | 8.85±3.12 | 8.76±3.22 | 0.964 |
| Stroop ‖ | 21.40±9.82 | 22.23±10.72 | 21.85±9.77 | 20.99±9.18 | 20.53±9.50 | 0.033 |
| Year 30 cognition scores ±SD | ||||||
| DSST ‡ | 70.60±15.98 | 68.33±16.69 | 70.82±15.13 | 71.64±15.30 | 71.62±16.56 | 0.006 |
| RAVLT § | 8.99±3.32 | 8.75±3.37 | 9.01±3.32 | 9.06±3.31 | 9.15±3.26 | 0.303 |
| Stroop ‖ | 21.23±9.94 | 22.29±10.45 | 21.38±10.12 | 20.74±9.52 | 20.49±9.55 | 0.036 |
N=1970. ApoE E4, indicates apolipoprotein E e4; BMI, body mass index; CARDIA; Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; CES‐D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; DSST, Digital Symbol Substitution Test; LPA, light‐intensity physical activity; MVPA, moderate‐to‐vigorous–intensity physical activity; and RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.
Data presented from the CARDIA year 20 exam (2005–2006, baseline for these analyses) unless otherwise specified.
Nonwear time from the accelerometer was used to approximate sleep minutes if accelerometer nonwear time was within 1 hour of self‐reported sleep time. If nonwear time and self‐reported sleep time differed by more than 1 hour, the average of nonwear time and self‐reported sleep were used to estimate sleep minutes.
DSST score range from 0 to 133, higher score indicates better performance.
RAVLT score range from 0 to 15, higher score indicates better performance.
Stroop score range from −160 to 160, higher score indicates worse performance.