Table 2.
PMs Quantitative Analysis Relationship Between Athletes With and Without TWI
| TWI (N=53) | No TWI (N=53) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anterolateral papillary muscle | |||
| Orthogonal diameter 1, mm | 12.4 (10.3–13.4) | 10 (9–11.6) | 0.001 |
| Orthogonal diameter 2, mm | 9.8 (8.6–11) | 8.3 (7–9.1) | <0.001 |
| Area, cm2 | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.8 (0.7–1) | <0.001 |
| Volume, cm3 | 3.2 (2.5–3.8) | 2.1 (1.7–2.7) | <0.001 |
| Posteromedial papillary muscle | |||
| Orthogonal diameter 1, mm | 10 (8–12.2) | 9.2 (8–10.4) | 0.09 |
| Orthogonal diameter 2, mm | 8.1 (7.4–10) | 7.6 (6.7–8.9) | 0.024 |
| Area, cm2 | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | <0.001 |
| Volume, cm3 | 2.5 (1.9–3) | 1.6 (1.3–2.1) | <0.001 |
| PMs mass, g | 5.6 (4.8–7.2) | 3.9 (3.4–4.9) | <0.001 |
| PMs mass indexed, g/m2 | 3.1 (2.6–3.7) | 2.3 (1.8–2.7) | <0.001 |
| PMs mass/LV mass, % | 4.4 (3.8–5.2) | 3 (2.5–3.6) | <0.001 |
| Apical displacement | 25 (47%) | 9 (17%) | 0.001 |
| Anterolateral papillary muscle | 22 (42%) | 7 (13%) | 0.001 |
| Posteromedial papillary muscle | 15 (28%) | 7 (13%) | 0.055 |
Values are expressed as number/total (percentage) of subjects or median (25th–75th percentiles). LV indicates left ventricular; PMs, papillary muscles; and TWI, T‐wave inversion.