Table 1.
Characteristics Among Kailuan Study Participants, According to Changes in Pre–Diabetes Mellitus From 2006 to 2008
| Characteristics |
Overall Population (n=14 231) |
Progression to Diabetes Mellitus (n=1892; 13.29%) |
Persistent Pre–Diabetes Mellitus (n=5946; 41.78%) |
Normoglycemia (n=6393; 44.92%) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 58.08±10.69 | 61.27±9.81 | 58.54±10.41 | 56.71±10.96 | <0.001 |
| Sex, men, n (%) | 12 045 (84.64) | 1599 (84.51) | 5113 (85.99) | 5333 (83.42) | <0.001 |
| High school or above, n (%) | 2962 (20.81) | 279 (14.75) | 1200 (20.18) | 1483 (23.20) | <0.001 |
| Income >￥800/mo, n (%) | 2099 (14.75) | 264 (13.95) | 906 (15.24) | 929 (14.53) | 0.314 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 5646 (39.67) | 686 (36.26) | 2481 (41.73) | 2479 (38.78) | <0.001 |
| Current alcohol drinker, n (%) | 6501 (45.68) | 790 (41.75) | 2900 (48.77) | 2811 (43.79) | <0.001 |
| Active physical activity, n (%) | 2265 (15.92) | 300 (15.86) | 953 (16.03) | 1012 (15.83) | 0.953 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 6664 (46.83) | 1088 (57.51) | 2847 (47.88) | 2729 (42.69) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 5525 (38.83) | 895 (47.30) | 2322 (39.05) | 2308 (36.10) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.59±3.41 | 26.50±3.48 | 25.74±3.40 | 25.19±3.34 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 132.44±20.60 | 138.04±20.80 | 133.13±20.70 | 130.13±20.09 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 84.74±11.64 | 87.12±11.88 | 85.11±11.58 | 83.69±11.51 | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 6.04±0.35 | 6.27±0.39 | 6.04±0.34 | 5.96±0.32 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.09±1.13 | 5.17±1.17 | 5.17±1.07 | 5.00±1.16 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.84±1.53 | 2.11±1.60 | 1.84±1.52 | 1.75±1.52 | <0.001 |
| Low‐density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 2.54±0.90 | 2.46±0.96 | 2.56±0.85 | 2.55±0.92 | <0.001 |
| High‐density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 1.53±0.39 | 1.54±0.41 | 1.52±0.37 | 1.53±0.39 | 0.629 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min | 81.09±24.04 | 78.59±21.70 | 81.37±21.83 | 81.56±29.49 | <0.001 |
| hs‐CRP, mg/L | 0.81 (0.32–2.10) | 1.13 (0.41–2.80) | 0.81 (0.34–1.99) | 0.78 (0.30–2.00) | <0.001 |
Data are given as mean±SD or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise indicated. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or self‐reported use of antihypertensive medication. hs‐CRP indicates high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein.