Table 2.
HR for the Association Between Changes in Pre–Diabetes Mellitus From 2006 to 2008 and the Incidence of CVD and All‐Cause Mortality
| Variable | Changes in Pre–Diabetes Mellitus | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Progression to Diabetes Mellitus | Persistent Pre–Diabetes Mellitus | Normoglycemia | |
| Myocardial infarction | |||
| No. of cases | 41 | 84 | 55 |
| Incidence rate, per 1000 person‐years | 1.97 | 1.29 | 0.78 |
| Model 1 | Reference | 0.73 (0.50–1.07) | 0.46 (0.30–0.69) |
| Model 2 | Reference | 0.74 (0.51–1.08) | 0.45 (0.30–0.69) |
| Model 3 | Reference | 0.90 (0.60–1.32) | 0.62 (0.40–0.97) |
| Stroke | |||
| No. of cases | 132 | 309 | 272 |
| Incidence rate, per 1000 person‐years | 6.47 | 4.81 | 3.93 |
| Model 1 | Reference | 0.85 (0.69–1.04) | 0.71 (0.57–0.88) |
| Model 2 | Reference | 0.85 (0.69–1.04) | 0.71 (0.58–0.88) |
| Model 3 | Reference | 0.91 (0.74–1.12) | 0.79 (0.63–0.98) |
| CVD | |||
| No. of cases | 166 | 388 | 325 |
| Incidence rate, per 1000 person‐years | 8.21 | 6.08 | 4.71 |
| Model 1 | Reference | 0.84 (0.70–1.01) | 0.67 (0.55–0.81) |
| Model 2 | Reference | 0.84 (0.70–1.01) | 0.67 (0.55–0.81) |
| Model 3 | Reference | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 0.78 (0.64–0.96) |
| All‐cause mortality | |||
| No. of cases | 171 | 402 | 368 |
| Incidence rate, per 1000 person‐years | 8.40 | 6.28 | 5.34 |
| Model 1 | Reference | 0.86 (0.72–1.04) | 0.78 (0.65–0.94) |
| Model 2 | Reference | 0.87 (0.72–1.04) | 0.78 (0.65–0.94) |
| Model 3 | Reference | 0.91 (0.76–1.10) | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) |
Data are given as HR (95% CI), unless otherwise indicated. Model 1, adjusted for age and sex. Model 2, adjusted for age, sex, income, education, current smoking status, current drinking status, and physical activity. Model 3, adjusted for variables in model 2 plus hypertension, dyslipidemia, fasting plasma glucose, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and hs‐CRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein). CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; and HR, hazard ratio.