Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants by Frequency of VMS: SWAN (N=3083)
| Characteristics |
No VMS (N=1875) |
VMS 1–5 d/2 wk (N=873) |
VMS ≥6 d/2 wk (N=335) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (Q1–Q3), y | 46.0 (44.0–48.0) | 46.0 (44.0–48.0) | 47.0 (45.0–49.0) |
| Race/ethnicity, % (n) | |||
| Black | 24.8 (465) | 32.0 (279) | 39.1 (131) |
| White | 49.7 (931) | 44.3 (387) | 43.6 (146) |
| Chinese | 9.0 (168) | 6.5 (57) | 5.1 (17) |
| Hispanic | 6.6 (123) | 9.0 (79) | 7.5 (25) |
| Japanese | 10.0 (188) | 8.1 (71) | 4.8 (16) |
| Education, % (n) | |||
| High school or less | 21.3 (395) | 27.3 (236) | 28.8 (96) |
| Vocational school/some college | 29.4 (547) | 36.3 (314) | 39.6 (132) |
| College or higher | 49.3 (916) | 36.4 (315) | 31.5 (105) |
| Financial strain, % (n) | |||
| Somewhat/very hard | 34.1 (636) | 44.6 (388) | 47.4 (158) |
| Not hard | 65.9 (1227) | 55.4 (481) | 52.6 (175) |
| Menopause stage, % (n) | |||
| Early perimenopause | 38.9 (726) | 54.5 (471) | 61.7 (205) |
| Premenopause | 61.0 (1139) | 45.4 (393) | 38.0 (126) |
| Unknown | 0.2 (3) | 0.1 (1) | 0.3 (1) |
| BMI, median (Q1–Q3), kg/m2 | 25.7 (22.4–30.9) | 27.2 (23.2–32.4) | 29.2 (24.6–36.1) |
| SBP, median (Q1–Q3), mm Hg | 113.0 (105.0–124.0) | 117.0 (107.0–129.0) | 120.0 (109.0–130.0) |
| DBP, median (Q1–Q3), mm Hg | 74.0 (68.0–80.0) | 75.0 (69.0–82.0) | 76.0 (70.0–83.0) |
| LDL‐C, median (Q1–Q3), mg/dL | 112.0 (93.0–133.0) | 115.5 (94.0–138.0) | 119.0 (99.0–141.0) |
| HDL‐C, median (Q1–Q3), mg/dL | 55.0 (47.0–65.0) | 54.0 (46.0–64.0) | 51.0 (44.0–61.0) |
| Triglycerides, median (Q1–Q3), mg/dL | 86.0 (66.0–123.0) | 92.0 (67.0–135.0) | 107.5 (75.0–161.0) |
| HOMA‐IR, median (Q1–Q3) | 1.7 (1.2–2.6) | 2.0 (1.3‐3.3) | 2.4 (1.5‐4.3) |
| Smoking status, % (n) | |||
| Past/never | 86.3 (1618) | 80.2 (699) | 74.9 (251) |
| Current | 13.7 (256) | 19.8 (173) | 25.1 (84) |
| Physical activity score, median (Q1–Q3) | 7.7 (6.5–9.0) | 7.6 (6.5–8.8) | 7.4 (6.2–8.5) |
| Medication use | |||
| BP lowering, % (n) | 11.2 (210) | 17.1 (149) | 23.9 (80) |
| Lipid lowering, % (n) | 0.9 (16) | 1.0 (9) | 1.8 (6) |
| Antidiabetics, % (n) | 2.2 (41) | 3.9 (34) | 2.7 (9) |
| Estradiol, median (Q1–Q3), pg/mL | 57.7 (34.1–89.9) | 52.1 (32.6–86.2) | 48.3 (28.6–86.0) |
BMI indicates body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DBP, diastolic BP; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA‐IR, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; Q1, quartile 1; Q3, quartile 3; SBP, systolic BP; SWAN, Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation; and VMS, vasomotor symptoms.