Table 4.
Association Between Baseline Serum suPAR Concentration and CKD Progression
| Variable | CKD Progression, %* | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | ||
| suPAR † | 36.1 | 1.73 (1.48–2.03) | <0.001 | 1.80 (1.54–2.12) | <0.001 | 1.77 (1.50–2.08) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.02–1.62) | 0.03 |
| Tertile of suPAR | |||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 15.2 | Reference | |||||||
| Tertile 2 | 27.1 | 1.58 (1.12–2.24) | 0.01 | 1.62 (1.14–2.29) | 0.01 | 1.58 (1.12–2.24) | 0.01 | 1.30 (0.89–1.90) | 0.18 |
| Tertile 3 | 48.8 | 3.13 (2.27–4.32) | <0.001 | 3.34 (2.41–4.63) | <0.001 | 3.25 (2.34–4.52) | <0.001 | 2.09 (1.37–3.21) | 0.001 |
Model 1: unadjusted. Model 2: adjusted for demographic factors (age, sex, smoking status, and body mass index). Model 3: adjusted for model 2+comorbidities (history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease). Model 4: adjusted for model 3+laboratory tests (hemoglobin, total cholesterol, and CRP [C‐reactive protein]), kidney measures (estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria), and 24‐hour systolic blood pressure. CKD indicates chronic kidney disease; HR, hazard ratio; and suPAR, soluble urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor.
*
P for trend <0.001.
†
HR per 1 increase of log‐transformed baseline suPAR.