Figure 1. The expressions of GRK2 (G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2) and ADRB1 (adrenergic receptor beta 1) are upregulated in patients with hypertension.

A, The relative mRNA expressions of ADRB1 and GRK2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell from the individuals with normal blood pressure (n=24), prehypertension (n=24), and hypertension (n=24) (left); Pearson comparison analyses of the correlations between ADRB1 and GRK2 mRNA levels and systolic blood pressure. P<0.001 for all of these correlations, by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis (right). B, Pearson comparison analyses of the correlations between ADRB1 and GRK2 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cell and those levels in the myocardium in the patients with congenital heart diseases (n=19). P<0.05 for all of these correlations, by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. C, The relative mRNA expressions of ADRB1 and GRK2 in the myocardium (n=6) and dynamic change in systolic blood pressure (n=6) from 10‐ to 22‐week of age in spontaneously hypertensive rats ((SHRs) (left). Representative images of western blot analysis and quantitative results of ADRB1 and GRK2 protein levels in the myocardium at 22‐week of age in SHR (n=6) (right). D, The relative mRNA expressions of ADRB1 and GRK2 in the myocardium (n=6) from SHR and SHR with ADRB1 knockout at 22‐week of age (left). Representative images of western blot (middle) and quantitative results (right) of ADRB1 and GRK2 in in the myocardium (n=6) from SHR and SHR with ADRB1 knockout at 22‐week of age (n=6). Data shown are mean±SD (A, C, and D). Data were first analyzed and passed normality test (D'Agostino and Pearson test in [A and B], Shapiro‐Wilk test in [A, C, and D]). P values were shown and assessed by one‐way ANOVA with Tukey test (A) and by Mann‐Whitney test (C and D). ADRB1 indicates adrenergic receptor beta 1; GRK2, G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2; KO, knockout mice; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats; and WKY, Wistar‐Kyoto rats.