Table 2.
Name and indications of various nanomedicines used clinically.
| Disease | Formulation | Tradename | Active ingredient | Lipid-based | PEG | Approved indication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oncology | PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin | Doxil/Caelyx® | Doxorubicin | Yes | Yes | Kaposi's sarcoma, multiple myeloma (USA), metastatic breast cancer (Canada), ovarian cancer (2nd line) |
| PEGylated liposomal irinotecan | Onivyde® | Irinotecan | Yes | Yes | Pancreatic cancer (2nd line, with fluorouracil and folinic acid) | |
| Liposomal doxorubicin | Myocet liposomal® | Doxorubicin | Yes | No | Metastatic breast cancer (Europe, Canada) | |
| Liposomal daunorubicin/cytarabine | Vyxeos® | Daunorubicin/cytarabine (1:5 molar ratio) | Yes | No | Newly-diagnosed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (in adults), AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (in adults) | |
| Liposomal vincristine | Marqibo® | Vincristine | Yes | No | Philadelphia chromosome negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2nd line, in adults) | |
| Hafnium oxide nanoparticles | Hensify® | Hafnium oxide nanoparticles (radioenhancer) | No | No | Locally advanced tissue sarcoma (Europe) | |
| Albumin-bound paclitaxel | Abraxane® | Paclitaxel | No | No | Pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (with carboplatin), metastatic breast cancer (2nd line) | |
| Infectious disease | Liposomal amphotericin B | Ambisome® | Amphotericin B (antifungal) | Yes | No | Cryptococcal meningitis, leishmaniasis, and fungal infections (immunocompromised and neutropenic patients or renal sensitivity) |
| Liposomal amikacin (suspension for oral inhalation) | Arikayce® | Amikacin (antibiotic) | Yes | No | Refractive Mycobacterium avium complex infections | |
| Orphan disease | Patisiran lipid complex | Onpattro® | Patisiran (siRNA) | Yes | Yes | Hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis |
| Vaccines | Tozinameran | Comirnaty® | mRNA encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein | Yes | Yes | Vaccination against COVID-19 (USA: emergency use; Europe: conditional marketing approval) |
| mRNA-1273 | Not available | mRNA encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein | Yes | Yes | Vaccination against COVID-19 (USA: emergency use; Europe: conditional marketing approval) | |
| Others | Liposomal verteporfin | Visudyne® | Verteporfin (photodynamic therapy) | Yes | No | Phototherapy in subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration |
| Ferumoxytol | Feraheme® | Iron oxide nanoparticles | No | No | Iron-deficiency in adults with chronic kidney disease | |
| Loteprednol etabonate (ophthalmic suspension) | Eysuvis®/Inveltys® | Loteprednol nanocrystals | No | Yes | Short-term treatment of dry eye disease (<2 weeks), post-operative inflammation and pain following ocular surgery |