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. 2021 Mar 12;22:80. doi: 10.1186/s12931-021-01671-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for the incidence of AE-IPF with different monthly lag periods. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) showing the increased risk of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) associated with a 10-unit increase in the levels of sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_X), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O₃), particulate matter < 2.5 µm (PM_2.5) and particulate matter < 10 µm (PM₁₀) with different monthly lag periods. The adjusted ORs were estimated using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models, adjusting for temperature, humidity, age, sex, smoking status (pack-years) and percentage of the predicted value of forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, and neighbourhood-level factors