Table 3.
Multiple logistic regression analysis of the association between osmolality adjusted maternal BPA exposure divided into tertiles and as continuous ln-transformed and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%) of an ASD-score > 75th percentile compared to < 75th percentile (reference) and ≥ 90th percentile compared to <90th percentile (reference) in boys and girls at 2 and or 5 years of age
|
≥75th percentile Adjusted OR (CI 95%) |
≥90th percentile Adjusted OR (CI 95%) |
|||||
| ASD-score 2 years | ||||||
| Osmolality adjusted BPA (ng/mL) |
All (N = 166/488) |
Boys (N = 97/250) |
Girls (N = 69/238) |
All (N = 98/556) |
Boys (N = 64/283) |
Girls (N = 34/273) |
| 1th tertile (≤0.87) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
|
2nd tertile (0.88–1.96) |
0.81 (0.47–1.20) | 0.86 (0.47–1.59) | 0.71 (0.35–1.43) | 0.84 (0.47–1.48) | 0.80 (0.39–1.66) | 0.89 (0.35–2.27) |
|
3rd tertile (≥ 1.97) |
1.06 (0.70–1.68) | 1.07 (0.60–1.94) | 1.05 (0.54–2.31) | 1.18 (0.69–2.00) | 1.37 (0.70–2.68) | 0.83 (0.34–2.06) |
| p-trendb | 0.65 | 0.78 | 0.86 | 0.49 | 0.31 | 0.69 |
|
Continuous lnBPAc |
1.08 (0.94–1.24) | 1.11 (0.93–1.34) | 1.02 (0.83–1.25) | 1.10 (0.93–1.31) | 1.17 (0.94–1.45) | 0.97 (0.73–1.29) |
|
>75th percentile Adjusted OR (CI 95%) |
≥90th percentile Adjusted OR (CI 95%) |
|||||
| ASD-score 5 years | ||||||
| Osmolality adjusted BPA (ng/mL) |
All (N = 86/339) |
Boys (N = 54/169) |
Girls (N = 32/170) |
All (N = 59/366) |
Boys (N = 34/189) |
Girls (N = 25/177) |
| 1th tertile (≤0.87) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
|
2nd tertile (0.88–1.96) |
1.22 (0.63–2.36) | 1.02 (0.43–2.40) | 1.80 (0.58–5.54) | 0.86 (0.36–1.99) | 0.68 (0.24–1.90) | 1.96 (0.32–11.83) |
|
3rd tertile (≥ 1.97) |
1.80 (0.97–3.32) | 1.42 (0.64–3.13) | 3.17 (1.85–9.28)* | 1.65 (0.78–3.49) | 1.20 (0.47–2.99) | 5.03 (0.97–26.08) |
| p-trendb | 0.06 | 0.37 | 0.03* | 0.15 | 0.69 | 0.04* |
|
Continuous lnBPAc |
1.25 (1.03–1.52)* | 1.16 (0.91–1.49) | 1.48 (1.04–2.12)* | 1.20 (0.94–1.53) | 1.10 (0.83–1.47) | 1.61 (0.96–2.69) |
aAnalyses adjusted for maternal education, maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, child age at evaluation, parity. The sex-combined analyses were additionally adjusted for child sex
bTrend across tertiles tested by inserting the tertile osmolality adjusted BPA as an ordinal indicator variable (0,1,2)
cBPA inserted as a continuous variable transformed by the natural logarithm
* P-value < 0.05