Figure 1.

Preparation and quantitative profiling of Tian-Huang formula, a mixed extract of Panax notoginseng and Coptis chinensis. (a) P. notoginseng root and rhizome, (b) C. chinensis root, (c) dry powder of Tian-Huang formula (THF), a mixed extract of P. notoginseng and C. chinensis, (d) chemical structure of eight main components of THF, namely, ginsenoside Rb₁, ginsenoside Rg₁, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside R₁, notoginsenoside R₁, coptisine, palmatine, and berberine, and (e) content of abovementioned eight components analyzed by HPLC following the method recorded by Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2015).