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. 2021 Mar 9;14:745–760. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S297166

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© 2021 Wang et al.

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Engeletin ameliorated TNF-α-induced chondrocyte apoptosis. Chondrocytes were pretreated with engeletin (10 μM and 20 μM) for two hours, and then TNF-α (20 ng/mL) was added to the culture medium and incubated for another 24 hours. (A) Chondrocytes were stained with Annexin V-FITC/PI and measured by flow cytometry to determine the apoptotic rate. (B) Statistical analysis of the apoptotic rate of chondrocytes. (C–F) The protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blotting. The results were quantified using ImageJ software. Protein expression was normalized to GAPDH. The data are presented as the mean ± SD. n=3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p< 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.