Table 3.

Summary of retrospective cohort study of patients with autoimmune encephalitis and tics

Study	Country	Number	Mean age (range)	Male (%)	Aetiology of encephalitis	Tics	Other neuropsychiatric symptoms	Additional findings	Main limitations
Tajudin et al. [16]	Malaysia	11	7	45	Anti-NMDAR encephalitis	2 patients developed dystonic tics	Temper tantrums, affect lability, refractory status epilepticus, hemichorea, sleep inversion, and speech impairment	Herpes simplex antibodies in 1 patient; non-specific neuroimaging abnormalities in most patients (suggestive of an infective process in 2 patients)	Description of immunological tests and motor presentations of individual patients lacking detail

NMDAR N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor