Table 6.

Summary of individual case reports of patients with post-infectious encephalitis and tics

Study	Country	Age	Sex	Aetiology of encephalitis	Tics	Other neuropsychiatric symptoms	Additional findings	Main limitations
Northam and Singer [30]	USA	6	F	Herpes simplex encephalitis	Eye blinking, grimacing, head twitching; complex motor and phonic tics (2 weeks after recovery)	Malaise, headache, seizures, nausea, and vomiting	Tics improved with antidopaminergic medication	Diagnosis of encephalitis lacking detail
Dale et al. [31]	Australia	4	M	Varicella zoster encephalitis	Chronic motor tics affecting face and neck (2 months after onset)	Alterations of consciousness and tremor	Neuroimaging abnormalities (basal ganglia)	Link between neuroimaging abnormalities and tics lacking detail
Sabuncuoğlu and Berkem [32]	Turkey	9	M	Mumps—meningoencephalitis	Eye blinking, finger flexing, throat clearing (2 months after recovery)	N/A	Tics improved with antidopaminergic medication	Link between mumps and tics lacking detail
Molina and Feteke [33]	USA	59	F	Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease	Grunting and barking (5 months after onset)	Involuntary movements, akinetic mutism, catatonia, personality change	Patient was mute except for phonic tics	Limited generalisability of findings
Dey and Bhattacharya [34]	India	10	M	Measles—subacute sclerosing panencephalitis	Insidious onset complex shoulder and facial tics	Ataxia and myoclonus	Tics as presenting symptoms	Limited generalisability of findings
Anandatia et al. [35]	Philippines	28	F	Toxoplasma encephalitis secondary to human immunodeficiency virus	Motor/facial tics	Hemichorea and alterations of consciousness	N/A	Limited generalisability of findings