Table 1.
Sample Characteristics by Age Group and Gender
| Younger Than 65 | 65 and Older | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | Men | Women | Men | |||||
| Est. | 95% CI | Est. | 95% CI | Est. | 95% CI | Est. | 95% CI | |
| Unique individuals | 1,352 | – | 1,106 | – | 382 | – | 289 | – |
| Waves at risk for disability, mean | 4.0 | – | 4.2 | – | 4.5 | – | 5.1 | – |
| Incidence, cases | 492 | – | 300 | – | 354 | – | 252 | – |
| Incidence, per 100 person-years | 4.4 | 3.9–4.9 | 3.0 | 2.6–3.5 | 9.8 | 8.7–11.0 | 8.3 | 7.1–9.4 |
| Characteristics at study entry | ||||||||
| Age, mean, years | 50.2 | 49.7–50.6 | 50.4 | 49.9–50.8 | 73.9 | 73.2–74.6 | 72.5 | 71.8–73.2 |
| BMI in 1986, kg/m2 | ||||||||
| Mean | 23.0 | 22.8–23.3 | 25.2 | 25.0–25.5 | 24.0 | 23.6–24.5 | 26.1 | 25.7–26.6 |
| Overweight or obese, % | 23.0 | 20.5–25.7 | 48.6 | 45.3–51.9 | 30.1 | 25.3–35.3 | 60.1 | 54.1–65.8 |
| Obese, % | 7.3 | 5.8–9.1 | 9.5 | 7.7–11.6 | 7.0 | 4.7–10.2 | 11.5 | 8.2–15.8 |
| BMI at study entry, kg/m2 | ||||||||
| Mean | 26.6 | 26.3–27.0 | 27.7 | 27.5–28.0 | 25.6 | 25.1–26.1 | 27.1 | 26.6–27.5 |
| Overweight or obese, % (BMI ≥ 25.0) | 52.7 | 49.6–55.8 | 76.0 | 73.1–78.7 | 47.0 | 41.6–52.5 | 66.2 | 60.4–71.6 |
| Obese, % | 23.4 | 20.9–26.1 | 24.8 | 22.1–27.7 | 13.3 | 10.0–17.4 | 19.2 | 14.8–24.5 |
| Smoking, % | ||||||||
| Never | 54.2 | 51.0–57.3 | 47.2 | 43.9–50.5 | 59.8 | 54.3–65.1 | 32.5 | 27.2–38.4 |
| Former | 26.4 | 23.7–29.3 | 28.9 | 26.1–32.0 | 31.6 | 26.7–37.0 | 61.6 | 55.7–67.3 |
| Current | 19.4 | 17.1–22.1 | 23.9 | 21.2–26.8 | 8.5 | 5.9–12.2 | 5.8 | 3.6–9.2 |
| Manual labor, % | 32.4 | 29.5–35.4 | 35.3 | 32.3–38.5 | 28.9 | 24.2–34.1 | 25.2 | 20.4–30.6 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 79.9 | 77.3–82.2 | 88.7 | 86.5–90.5 | 85.1 | 80.6–88.7 | 88.7 | 83.9–92.2 |
| Black | 13.9 | 12.0–16.0 | 7.6 | 6.2–9.2 | 9.7 | 6.9–13.3 | 4.0 | 2.2–7.1 |
| Hispanic non-black | 4.2 | 3.0–5.9 | 2.1 | 1.2–3.5 | 3.0 | 1.5–6.0 | 3.1 | 1.5–6.2 |
| Non-Hispanic other | 2.0 | 1.3–3.2 | 1.7 | 0.9–3.2 | 2.2 | 5.3 | 4.3 | 2.1–8.3 |
| Educational attainment, % | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 8.2 | 6.7–10.0 | 7.3 | 5.9–9.1 | 17.4 | 13.5–22.1 | 16.8 | 12.9–21.7 |
| High school degree | 66.3 | 63.3–69.2 | 59.2 | 55.9–62.3 | 63.6 | 58.1–68.8 | 54.0 | 48.0–59.8 |
| College degree | 25.5 | 22.8–28.3 | 33.5 | 30.5–36.7 | 19.0 | 15.0–23.7 | 29.2 | 24.1–35.0 |
| Childhood SES | ||||||||
| Poor | 28.8 | 26.1–31.7 | 19.5 | 17.1–22.2 | 47.0 | 41.5–52.5 | 46.8 | 40.9–52.8 |
| Average/it varied | 52.6 | 49.5–55.7 | 49.6 | 46.4–52.9 | 43.0 | 37.7–48.5 | 39.3 | 33.6–45.2 |
| Well off | 18.6 | 16.3–21.2 | 30.8 | 27.9–33.9 | 10.1 | 7.1–14.0 | 13.9 | 10.3–18.6 |
| Calendar year, mean | 2003.6 | 2003.5–2003.7 | 2003.3 | 2003.2–2003.4 | 2004.0 | 2003.8–2004.2 | 2003.6 | 2003.4–2003.8 |
Note: BMI = body mass index; SES = socioeconomic status. Estimates are weighted. Overweight refers to BMI ≥25.0 and obese to BMI ≥30.0.