Table 4. Baseline stress-stratified multivariate linear regression for the relationships between prior physical fitness and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.
| No baseline stress (N = 2,549) |
Baseline stress (N = 10,340) |
Total (N = 12,889) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (95% CI) | P Value | Coefficient (95% CI) | P Value | Coefficient (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Anaerobic fitness | ||||||
| Low | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Moderate | −1.501 [−2.843 to −0.158] | 0.025 | −1.613 [−3.309 to 0.082] | 0.065 | −1.543 [−2.601 to −0.486] | 0.002 |
| High | −2.101 [−3.679 to −0.523] | 0.006 | −1.482 [−3.442 to 0.479] | 0.172 | −1.762 [−2.995 to −0.528] | 0.003 |
| Excellent | −2.628 [−4.518 to −0.738] | 0.004 | −2.821 [−5.298 to −0.343] | 0.022 | −2.689 [−4.199 to −1.178] | <0.001 |
| Aerobic fitness | ||||||
| Low | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Moderate | −1.020 [−1.953 to −0.087] | 0.029 | −1.976 [−3.276 to −0.676] | 0.001 | −1.346 [−2.111 to −0.581] | <0.001 |
| High | −1.257 [−2.338 to −0.175] | 0.018 | −1.700 [−3.159 to −0.242] | 0.018 | −1.340 [−2.214 to −0.466] | 0.001 |
| Excellent | −1.579 [−2.947 to −0.211] | 0.019 | −2.380 [−4.111 to −0.649] | 0.004 | −1.772 [−2.846 to −0.699] | <0.001 |
| Explosive fitness | ||||||
| Low | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Moderate | −0.836 [−1.759 to 0.087] | 0.084 | −1.197 [−2.404 to 0.012] | 0.053 | 0.983 [−1.721 to −0.245] | 0.006 |
| High | −0.502 [−1.604 to 0.600] | 0.538 | −1.786 [−3.212 to −0.360] | 0.010 | −1.040 [−1.916 to −0.163] | 0.016 |
| Excellent | −1.448 [−2.763 to −0.133] | 0.027 | −2.456 [−4.114 to −0.798] | 0.002 | −1.849 [−2.884 to −0.815] | <0.001 |
| Muscular fitness | ||||||
| Low | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Moderate | −1.095 [−1.884 to −0.305] | 0.003 | −1.903 [−2.927 to −0.879] | <0.001 | −1.419 [−2.048 to −0.792] | <0.001 |
| High | −1.568 [−2.774 to −0.362] | 0.006 | −2.963 [−4.634 to −1.292] | <0.001 | −2.139 [−3.125 to −1.153] | <0.001 |
| Excellent | −2.399 [−3.958 to −0.841] | <0.001 | −1.749 [−3.723 to 0.296] | 0.115 | −2.136 [−3.383 to −0.889] | <0.001 |
Note:
CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease-19; BDI-II, Becks’ Depression Inventory-II. Multivariate models were adjusted for sex, age, dwelling location, socio-economic level, and smoking, alcohol, living status, changes in weight and exercise volume during COVID-19 pandemic. The low fitness level of each physical fitness variable were used as reference. Data are expressed as BDI-II score change related to each variable.