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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2020 Nov 21;160(4):1301–1314.e8. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.11.034

Figure 7. F. nucleatum bolsters C. difficile biofilms.

Figure 7.

A. Biofilms of C. difficile R20291 with or without wild-type F. nucleatum subspecies nucleatum or F. nucleatum subspecies nucleatum ΔradD were grown on HT29-MTX-derived MUC2 coverslips anaerobically for 72 hrs. Biofilm extracellular matrix was visualized with ruby red biofilm tracer and examined with 2D and z-stack analysis (scale bar =50 μm)(n=3 replicates, repeated 3 independent times). Quantification performed by FIJI for relative fluorescent intensities. B. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of mucin-based biofilms (scale bar =20 μm) (representative image; n=3 replicates). C. Robust biofilms were observed via SEM by lateral views of C. difficile and F. nucleatum (scale bar =20 μm) (left image). D. Representative falsely colored SEM image with C. difficile (pink) and F. nucleatum (blue) (scale bar = 2 μm).