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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2020 Nov 21;160(4):1131–1139. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.11.038

Table 2:

Pregnancy related complications by drug exposure, controlling for maternal age, steroid use and disease activity (Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval))

Event No Exposure (n=379) Biologics* (n=642) Thiopurine# (n=242) Combination** (n=227)
Any Pregnancy Complication^ 1.0 (Ref) 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) 0.8 (0.5, 1.3)
Spontaneous Abortion (Only Gestation Ages <= 140 Days) 1.0 (Ref) 1.3 (0.5, 3.3) 1.4 (0.4, 4.2) 1.2, (0.4, 3.8)
Spontaneous Abortion (All Gestation Ages) 1.0 (Ref) 1.3 (0.5, 3.0) 1.3 (0.4, 3.8) 1.1 (0.3, 3.3)
Preterm Birth (<37 weeks) 1.0 (Ref) 0.9 (0.5, 15) 1.4 (0.8, 2.6) 1.8 (1.0, 3.3)
Small for Gestational Age 1.0 (Ref) 1.1 (0.5, 2.0) 0.5 (0.2, 15) 0.7 (0.3, 1.8)
Low Birth Weight (<2500 g) 1.0 (Ref) 1.0 (0.5, 18) 0.6 (0.3, 15) 1.2 (0.6, 2.5)
Intrauterine Growth Restriction 1.0 (Ref) 0.6 (0.2, 14) 0.3 (0.07, 15) 0.7 (0.2, 2.3)
Cesarean Section 1.0 (Ref) 1.3 (1.0, 18) 1.3 (0.9, 19) 1.7 (1.1, 2.5)
NICU at Birth 1.0 (Ref) 1.1 (0.7, 19) 1.2 (0.6, 2.2) 1.5 (0.8, 2.8)
Congenital Malformations 1.0 (Ref) 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) 1.4 (0.8, 2.7) 1.6 (0.8, 3.1)
Any of The Above 1.0 (Ref) 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) 1.6 (1.1, 2.3) 1.4 (0.9, 2.0)
Any of the Above w/o Considering Cesarean Section 1.0 (Ref) 1.2 (0.9, 16) 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) 1.2 (0.8, 1.8)
*

Biologics defined as anti-TNF, anti-integrin, anti-IL 12/23

#

Thiopurine (azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine)

**

Combination defined as biologic + thiopurine

^

Defined as any self-reported pregnancy complication (excludes intrauterine growth restriction, cesarean section or pre-term delivery)

Logistic regression models controlling for maternal age, steroid use, and disease activity