Table 1.
Changes in kinanthropometric parameters from baseline to 12 weeks.
| Variables | Control Group (n = 14) | Exercise Group (n = 15) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | After 12 Weeks | Baseline | After 12 Weeks | |
| Age (years) | 57.5 ± 12.2 | – | 60.2 ± 7.9 | – |
| Height (cm) | 156.3 ± 5.1 | – | 154.8 ± 5.1 | – |
| Weight (kg) | 67.1 ± 11.7 | 66.3 ± 11.6 | 63.8 ± 8.6 | 59.4 ± 8.3 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.5 ± 4.4 | 29.1 ± 4.3 | 28.9 ± 3.0 | 26.7 ± 2.9 * |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 91.7 ± 7.4 | 89.7 ± 7.5 | 89.6 ± 5.5 | 84.1 ± 4.3 * |
| Body fat (%) | 37.6 ± 6.0 | 38.3 ± 5.8 | 37.3 ± 5.5 | 34.9 ± 5.3 * |
| BFM (kg) | 25.6 ± 7.8 | 25.8 ± 7.7 | 21.4 ± 5.8 | 20.9 ± 5.6 |
| ALM (kg) | 16.9 ± 0.8 | 16.3 ± 0.7 * | 15.1 ± 0.6 | 15.5 ± 0.5 |
| ALM/BFM ratio | 0.700 ± 0.185 | 0.669 ± 0.184 * | 0.718 ± 0.168 | 0.753 ± 0.155 * |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132.6 ± 11.4 | 135.3 ± 14.2 | 131.3 ± 12.1 | 129.0 ± 13.5 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 85.3 ± 10.6 | 85.4 ± 12.6 | 83.8 ± 10.6 | 82.3 ± 11.1 |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 27.2 ± 4.8 | 27.5 ± 4.3 | 27.3 ± 3.9 | 28.7 ± 4.2 * |
| Long jump (cm) | 124.7 ± 23.1 | 118.3 ± 26.0 * | 116.1 ± 18.5 | 117.1 ± 10.4 |
| Sit-up (n/30 sec) | 11.4 ± 7.7 | 12.7 ± 7.8 | 9.3 ± 9.8 | 13.1 ± 8.3 * |
| 10 m shuttle run (sec) | 16.5 ± 1.9 | 16.4 ± 2.6 | 16.4 ± 2.1 | 15.7 ± 1.0 |
| 20 m pacer (n) | 10.2 ± 3.7 | 10.8 ± 4.4 | 9.4 ± 3.1 | 12.5 ± 3.4 * |
| Sit-and-reach (cm) | 13.9 ± 5.0 | 13.3 ± 3.3 | 13.9 ± 8.3 | 16.1 ± 7.1 * |
BFM, body fat mass; ALM, appendicular lean mass. Variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and compared using the paired t-test (* p < 0.05 vs. baseline).