Antiproliferative effects of dichloroacetate (DCA) in combination with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in NSCLC cell models. (A) Microscopy of HCC827/PAR cells treated with 1 µM erlotinib, 10 or 20 mM DCA as single treatment or in combination with 10 mM/20 mM DCA. The images show representative cultures at T = 0 h, T = 72 h, T = 5 days and T = 14 days. (B) Quantified proliferation data for HCC827/PAR cells at 72 h from the experiment described in (A). The significance between the treatments were **** if otherwise not indicated on the figure. (C) Dose dependent effects of EGFR TKI combined with DCA, in HCC827/PAR and H1975/PAR cell cultures. In the right panel, * indicate significant (p < 0.05) difference from erlotinib treated 0 mM DCA treated control and data is displayed as mean +/− SEM. Representative experiment (1/3) with 3–6 technical replicates. (Statistical analysis in (B) was performed by a one-way ANOVA, with Tukey post hoc test. (C) was performed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.