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. 2021 Feb 26;22(5):2333. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052333

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The mechanism by which LPS stimulates macrophages to produce TNF-α under normal gravity and microgravity conditions. The green part (right) illustrates that the binding of HSF-1 to the TNF-α promoter region is responsible for the depression of TNF-α. AP-1, activator protein 1; HSE, heat shock element; IkB, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B.