Table 1.
Summary of changes in cytokines expression in space and ground-based microgravity facilities.
| Item | Modeled Microgravity | Real Microgravity | Cell | Levels | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1 | RWV | U937 (Human) | Increased | [37] | |
| During spaceflight | B6MP102 cells (Murine) | Increased | [38] | ||
| Spacelab | PBMC (Human) | Decreased | [5] | ||
| Postflight | PBMC (Monkey) | Decreased | [39] | ||
| IL-2 | Postflight | Whole blood-T cell | Decreased | [40] | |
| RWV | U937 (Human) | Increased | [37] | ||
| IL-6 | During spaceflight | PBMC (Human) | Decreased | [41] | |
| Postflight | Blood-monocytes (Human) | Decreased | [42] | ||
| RCCS | Macrophages (Murine) | Increased | [16] | ||
| IFN-α | During spaceflight | Lymphocytes (Human) | Increased | [43] | |
| During spaceflight | Spleen cells (Murine) | Increased | [44] | ||
| IFN-β | During spaceflight | Lymph node T cells (Murine) | Increased | [43] | |
| IFN-γ | During spaceflight | peripheral blood lymphocytes (Human) | Increased | [44] | |
| Postflight | Splenocytes (Rat) | Decreased | [45] | ||
| TNF-α | During spaceflight | Peripheral blood(Human) | Decreased | [41] | |
| During spaceflight | B6MP102 cells (Murine) | Increased | [38] | ||
| Postflight | Whole blood (Human) | Decreased | [46] | ||
| RCCS | Macrophages (Murine) | Decreased | [17] |
PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells.