Table 2.

Examples of lncRNAs implicated in glucose metabolism alteration in GU cancers.

lncRNA	Deregulation	Functions and Targets	Reference
FILNC1	Downregulated in renal cell cancer	Interacts with AUF1 (c-MYC mRNA-binding protein); downregulates c-MYC protein levels; decreases the glucose update, lactate production and tumor development	[79]
CASC8	Downregulated in bladder cancer	Binds to the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1); prevents FGFR1-mediated lactate dehydrogenase A phosphorylation; decreases glycolysis and cell proliferation	[80]
UCA1	Upregulated in bladder cancer	Upregulates HK2 through mTOR and its downstream effector STAT3; upregulates HK2 by active mTOR downregulation of miR143	[81,82]
PCGEM1	Upregulated in prostate cancer	Binds to the c-MYC promotor; upregulates c-MYC; induces aerobic glycolysis, pentose phosphate shunt and NADPH	[83]