Figure 2.

Tumor immunoediting and treatment of escape mutants with oncolytic viruses. (A) Tumor cells prior to editing are depicted (in pink) at the left side. Anti-tumor immunity kills a portion of susceptible tumor cells while selecting for escape mutants (middle), allowing their subsequent clonal expansion (right). Two types of escape mutants are depicted: green—IFN-defective cells, blue—cells devoid of tumor-associated antigens. (B) OV treatments (e.g., by naturally oncolytic viruses, see Section 5 for definition) of the immunoedited tumors (described in A). Direct cell killing by OVs (left), immune-mediated killing of infected cells (right). A number of such naturally oncolytic viruses are now under clinical trials for treatment of diverse cancer types. The figure was created with BioRender.com (accessed on 12 February 2021).