Table 1.
Main characteristics of 96 COVID-19 hospitalized patients according the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) test result.
| Indeterminate QTF-Plus (n = 34) | Interpretable QTF-Plus (n = 62) | Unadjusted Model | Adjusted Model | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p-Value | OR (95%CI) | p-Value | OR (95%CI) | p-Value | |||
| Gender (male) | 22 (64.7%) | 45 (72.6%) | 0.422 | 0.693 (0.282–1.700) | 0.422 | ||
| Age (years) | 70.5 (56.9–76.2) | 63.7 (49.2–74.9) | 0.237 | 1.020 (0.990–1.051) | 0.203 | ||
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Hypertension | 16 (47.1%) | 34 (54.8%) | 0.466 | 0.732 (0.316–1.694) | 0.466 | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 19 (55.9%) | 28 (45.2%) | 0.315 | 1.538 (0.663–3.569) | 0.315 | ||
| Diabetes | 11 (32.4%) | 12 (19.4%) | 0.154 | 1.993 (0.766–5.182) | 0.154 | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | 7 (20.6%) | 12 (19.4%) | 0.885 | 1.080 (0.381–3.066) | 0.885 | ||
| Lung disease | 6 (17.6%) | 9 (14.5%) | 0.686 | 1.262 (0.408–3.906) | 0.686 | ||
| Immunocompromised patient | 4 (11.8%) | 3 (4.8%) | 0.212 | 2.622 (0.551–12.480) | 0.212 | ||
| Candidate for invasive measures (yes) | 25 (73.5%) | 52 (83.9%) | 0.224 | 0.534 (0.193–1.480) | 0.224 | ||
| COVID-19 onset to admission (days) | 7.5 (5.75–12.25) | 8 (7–10.25) | 0.401 | 1.013 (0.928–1.105) | 0.778 | ||
| Laboratory tests (*) | |||||||
| Leukocytes (×109/L) | 8.6 (6.3–13.9) | 6.8 (5.6–9.6) | 0.016 | 1.131 (1.024–1.248) | 0.015 | ||
| Neutrophils (×109/L) | 7.3 (5.4–12.4) | 5.5 (3.5–8.3) | 0.002 | 1.147 (1.032–1.274) | 0.011 | ||
| Lymphocytes (×109/L) | 0.64 (0.48–1.15) | 0.88 (0.64–1.27) | 0.017 | 0.287 (0.105–0.783) | 0.015 | ||
| Serum ferritin (μg/L) (n = 92) | 1756 (1081–2574) | 1444 (692–2233) | 0.159 | 1.000 (1.000–1.001) | 0.201 | ||
| LDH (U/L) (n = 95) | 412 (330–517) | 317 (265–424) | 0.003 | 1.005 (1.001–1.008) | 0.005 | 1.005 (1.002–1.008) | 0.003 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 79 (29–197) | 87 (27–160) | 0.654 | 1.002 (0.997–1.006) | 0.447 | ||
| IL-6 (ng/L),(n = 52) | 100 (20–1044) | 99 (55–193) | 0.955 | 1.001 (1.000–1.012) | 0.130 | ||
| Troponin (ng/L), (n = 69) | 10.0 (7.0–25.0) | 10.5 (6.0–18.2) | 0.546 | 1.000 (0.991–1.008) | 0.926 | ||
| D-dimer (μg/L), (n = 93) | 636 (353–2913) | 361 (250–946) | 0.025 | 1.000 (1.000–1.001) | 0.016 | ||
| Hypoxemia | 0.015 | ||||||
| None | 4 (11.8%) | 21 (33.8%) | - | ||||
| Mild | 6 (17.6%) | 20 (32.3%) | 1.557 (0.386–6.423) | 0.536 | |||
| Moderate | 22 (64.7%) | 20 (32.3%) | 5.775 (1.690–19.734) | 0.005 | |||
| Severe | 2 (5.9%) | 1 (1.6%) | 10.5 (0.758–145.359) | 0.079 | |||
| COVID-19 onset to QFT-Plus (days) | 11 (9–18) | 12 (10-16) | 0.797 | 1.005 (0.937–1.077) | 0.893 | ||
| Severe WHO 8-OS on QFT-time | 9 (26.5) | 5 (8.1) | 0.015 | 4.104 (1.248–13.491) | 0.015 | ||
| IS prior to QFT-Plus | |||||||
| None | 5 (14.7%) | 28 (45.1%) | 0.003 | 0.209 (0.072–0.612) | 0.003 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 10 (29.4%) | 6 (9.7%) | 0.013 | 3.889 (1.270–11.912) | 0.013 | 4.477 (1.397–14.345) | 0.012 |
| IL-6 blockage | 3 (8.8%) | 5 (8.1%) | 0.898 | 1.103 (0.247–4.928) | 0.898 | ||
| Corticosteroids and IL-6 blockage | 16 (47.1%) | 23 (37.1%) | 0.342 | 1.507 (0.646–3.519) | 0.342 | ||
Qualitative data are expressed as a number (percentage), and quantitative data are expressed as a median (interquartile range). Abbreviations: OR (95%CI), odds ratio (95% confidence interval); IL-6, interleukin-6; QFT, QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; IS, immunosuppressive drugs; WHO 8-OS, World Health Organization 8-point Ordinal Scale. (*) Laboratory tests when the QFT-Plus assay was performed.