B. bre JCM92 boosts PD-1 blockade efficacy by enhancing anti-tumor immunity in tumor tissue. (A,B) Immune cell profiling of tumor in mice treated with PD-1 blockade in combination with B. bre JCM92 (A) or B. bre Bb03 (B) using flow cytometry analysis. (C) Expression of intra-tumoral cytokines in mice treated with PD-1 blockade in combination with B. bre JCM92 or B. bre Bb03 were measured using qPCR. Data are expressed as the means ± SEM. p-values were determined by one-way ANOVA using Tukey’s post-test within the PD-1 blockade-treated groups. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and ns, not significant.