Table 1.

Cervid prion protein polymorphisms reported to date.

Species	PrP Codon	Allele		Effect of Polymorphism on CWD Pathogenesis (In Vivo)	Geographic Location	Ref.
		wt	var
White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)	95	Q	H	Prolonged survival, reduced susceptibility and reduced peripheral prion spread	U.S.: WI, NE CA: AB, SK	[102,103,104,105,106,107]
	96	G	S	Prolonged survival, reduced susceptibility, delayed lymphoreticular spread	U.S.: WI, NE CA: AB, SK	[13,102,103,104,106,107,108]
	116	A	G	Reduced susceptibility and lower infection rate	U.S.: NE CA: AB, SK	[101,106,109]
	226	Q	K	Reduced susceptibility and lower infection rate	U.S.: WI	[101,107,108]
	226	Q	R	N/A	CA: AB, SK	[109]
	230	Q	L	N/A	CA: AB, SK	[109]
Mule Deer (O. hemionus)	20	D	G	Possibly more susceptible	U.S.: WY, CO CA: AB, SK	[109,110]
	225	S	F	Slower disease progression	U.S.: WY, CO	[110,111]
Elk (Cervus canadensis)	132	M	L	ML and LL have increased disease incubation periods, LL has lesser grey matter and greater white matter spongiform change, less PrPSc accumulation, and more stable fibrils, and 132L alleles are twice as frequent in herds known to be infected for >30 years than uninfected herds	U.S.: CO, WY, other mid-western/western states (e.g., SD, ND, MT, NE, MI)	[112,113,114,115,116,117,118]
	226	E	-	More stable PrPCWD strains, but less conformational stability.	CA U.S.	[119,120]
Red Deer (C. elaphus)	98	T	A	N/A	Britain, Czech Republic	[121]
	168	P	S	N/A	Britain	[121]
	226	Q	E	N/A	Britain, Norway, Czech Republic	[121]
	247	I	L	N/A	Czech Republic	[121]
Sika Deer (C. nippon)	226	Q	E	N/A	Britain	[121]
Fallow Deer (Dama dama)	138	N	-	Resistance to natural infection and prolonged incubation periods in intra-cerebrally infected animals	Britain	[122,123,124]
	226	E	-	N/A	Britain	[122,123,124]
Reeve’s Muntjac Deer (Muntiacus reevesii)	98	-	S	N/A	Britain	[121]
Chinese Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis inermis)	100	S	N	N/A	Britain	[121]
	OR *	5	4	N/A	Britain	[121]
Korean Water Deer (H. i. argyropus)	96	G	D	N/A	South Korea	[125]
	100	N	S	N/A	South Korea	[125,126]
	170	D	G	N/A	South Korea	[125]
Moose (Alces sp.)	36	T	N	N/A	Canada	[98]
	100	S	R	N/A	Canada	[127]
	109	K	Q	N/A	Sweden	[98]
	209	M	I	N/A	U.S.: WY, WK	[128,129]
Caribou/Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus sp.)	2	V	M	N/A	CA U.S.: AK	[130,131,132]
	129	G	S	N/A	CA U.S.: AK	[130,131,133]
	138	S	N	138SN and NN reindeer have prolonged incubation periods in oral transmission, and both also have no or limited PrPCWD distribution in the CNS	CA: BC, YK, NT, AB, SK U.S.: AK	[130,131,133,134]
	153	Y	F	N/A	CA	[133]
	169	V	M	N/A	CA U.S.: AK	[130,131,133]
	176	N	D	N/A	Sweden, Norway CA: NWT	[98,133]
	225	S	Y	Higher risk of infection	Sweden, Norway	[98,135]
	242	P	L	N/A	CA	[133]
	OR	5	4	Higher risk of infection	Norway	[135]

* OR: octapeptide repeat.