Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with COVID-19
| Total (n=356) | Mild/moderate (n=291) | Severe (n=32) | Critical (n=33) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical and epidemiological characteristics | |||||
| Female, n (%) | 163 (45.79) | 138 (47.42) | 14 (43.75) | 11 (33.33) | 0.165 |
| Male, n (%) | 193 (54.21) | 153 (52.58) | 18 (56.25) | 22 (66.67) | |
| Age (years) | 52.11±17.90 | 49.78±17.70 | 62.22±14.68 | 62.85±15.29 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| Hypertension | 81 (22.75) | 51 (17.53) | 11 (34.38) | 19 (57.58) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 38 (10.67) | 19 (6.53) | 8 (25) | 11 (33.33) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 19 (5.34) | 6 (2.06) | 5 (15.63) | 8 (24.24) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 13 (3.65) | 4 (1.37) | 5 (15.63) | 4 (12.12) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 9 (2.53) | 4 (1.37) | 2 (6.25) | 3 (9.09) | 0.003 |
| Malignancy | 4 (1.12) | 1 (0.34) | 1 (3.13) | 2 (6.06) | 0.002 |
| Symptoms, n (%) | |||||
| Fever | 278 (78.09) | 218 (74.91) | 29 (90.63) | 31 (93.94) | 0.002 |
| Dry cough | 262 (73.60) | 206 (70.79) | 25 (78.13) | 31 (93.94) | 0.008 |
| Expectoration | 161 (45.22) | 114 (39.18) | 21 (65.63) | 26 (78.79) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnea | 43 (12.08) | 11 (3.78) | 10 (31.25) | 22 (66.67) | <0.001 |
| Headache | 15 (4.21) | 10 (3.44) | 2 (6.25) | 3 (9.09) | 0.112 |
| Fatigue | 125 (35.11) | 92 (31.62) | 16 (50.00) | 17 (51.52) | 0.004 |
| Diarrhea | 13 (3.65) | 12 (4.12) | 0 | 1 (3.03) | 0.351 |
| Hemorrhage | 7 (1.97) | 3 (1.03) | 1 (3.13) | 3 (9.09) | 0.004 |
| Length of stay (days) | 23 (18–30.75) | 22.5 (18–30.25) | 35 (33.5–37.75) | 18 (14–39.5) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters on admission | |||||
| Leukocyte count (×109/L) | 4.40 (3.40–5.70) | 4.30 (3.20–5.60) | 4.25 (3.65–7.43) | 5.50 (4.25–7.80) | 0.096 |
| Neutrophil count (×109/L) | 2.70 (1.94–3.81) | 2.47 (1.78–3.69) | 3.10 (2.08–6.29) | 4.33 (2.88–6.94) | <0.001 |
| Monocyte count (×109/L) | 0.30 (0.22–0.40) | 0.32 (0.25–0.41) | 0.19 (0.14–0.37) | 0.29 (0.22–0.39) | 0.031 |
| Lymphocyte count (×109/L) | 1.19±0.53 | 1.26±0.52 | 0.89±0.43 | 0.82±0.39 | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 37.50 (34.20–41.00) | 38.40 (35.15–42.60) | 35.65 (28.25–39.83) | 31.20 (28.55–33.55) | <0.001 |
| Globulin (g/L) | 26.44±4.10 | 26.07±3.89 | 28.07±5.06 | 28.16±4.18 | 0.002 |
| ALT (U/L) | 20 (13–33) | 21 (14–37) | 21 (17–40) | 25 (14–35) | 0.895 |
| AST (U/L) | 21 (16–28) | 21 (16–28) | 28 (24–36) | 26 (22–43) | <0.001 |
| TBil (µmol/L) | 9.19 (6.66–13.78) | 9.08(6.23–14.43) | 8.16 (6.18–9.95) | 10.57 (8.16–15.76) | 0.411 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 121 (109–133) | 122 (112–136) | 127 (106–136) | 113 (105–130) | 0.009 |
| Platelets (×109/L) | 139 (110–188) | 152 (109–184) | 107.5 (83–130) | 150 (97–180) | 0.026 |
| LDH (U/L) | 207 (164–264) | 210.5 (164–255) | 282 (221–319) | 332 (232–458) | <0.001 |
| Peak laboratory parameters | |||||
| ALT(U/L) | 26 (20–40) | 24 (20–38) | 51 (28–65) | 58 (43–177) | <0.001 |
| AST(U/L) | 36 (24–61) | 33 (21–57) | 71 (37–118) | 76 (34–312) | <0.001 |
| PT (seconds) | 10.9 (10.5–11.3) | 10.6 (10.3–11.2) | 11.25 (10.7–12.2) | 11.9 (11.0–16.3) | <0.001 |
| APTT (seconds) | 29.7 (26.3–33.7) | 28.6 (26.0–32.0) | 30.6 (27.8–34.1) | 33.4 (28.6–42.9) | 0.001 |
| D-dimer (mg/L) | 0.59 (0.51–1.30) | 0.58 (0.50–0.94) | 2.74 (1.24–12.13) | 10.75 (4.98–27.85) | <0.001 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.20 (1.65–2.95) | 1.96 (1.57–2.81) | 2.28 (1.89–3.81) | 3.27 (2.40–4.97) | <0.001 |
| CK (U/L) | 63.0 (41.0–112.0) | 59.5 (41.0–120.0) | 103.5 (76.0–283.5) | 213.0 (66.0–430.5) | <0.001 |
| CK-MB (U/L) | 12.1 (9.4–16.9) | 10.15 (8.6–13.6) | 15.7 (12.7–20.9) | 26.3 (14.2–62.0) | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 21.4 (4.8–51.8) | 20.0 (4.5–42.3) | 68.1 (44.2–114.1) | 141.0 (63.3–182.9) | <0.001 |
| Pct (ng/mL) | 0.08 (0.05–0.13) | 0.08 (0.05–0.12) | 0.17 (0.11–0.52) | 1.25 (0.16–7.08) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TBil, total bilirubin; PT, prothrombin time; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CK, creatine kinase; CK-MB, MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase; Pct, procalcitonin.