Table 2 .
Composition, fabrication methods and applications of nanoemulsions
| Citation | Composition | Fabrication method | Application/activity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arredondo-Ochoa et al. (2017) | Beeswax–starch nanoemulsions; oil-in-water | Microfluidization with Tween-80 | Antimicrobial (against R. stolonifer, C. gloeosporioides, B. cinerea, and S. saintpaul); applied as edible coatings for food preservation |
| Bakshi et al. (2018) | Non-irritant topical formulation for topical delivery of heparinoid | Homogenization with high pressure | Therapeutic agent for superficial thrombophlebitis |
| Gharibzahedi and Mohammadnabi (2017) | Jujube gum with nettle essential oil; oil-in-water | Homogenization with Tween-40 | Antimicrobial; fabrication of jujube gum edible coating for Beluga sturgeon fillets |
| Salim et al. (2018) | Ibuprofen nanoemulsions | Phase inversion composition | Good stability; topical uses |
| Nirmal et al. (2018) | Lemon myrtle and anise myrtle essential oil in water | Ultrasonication | Antibacterial; good stability |
| Noori et al. (2018) | Sodium caseinate and ginger essential oil; oil-in-water | Ultrasonication with Tween-80 | Antimicrobial (L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium); chicken breast fillet coating |
| Prakash et al. (2019) | Linalool-based nanoemulsions; oil-in-water | Ultrasonication with Tween-80 | Antibacterial (against S. typhimurium); antibacterial agent |
| Zhang et al. (2019) | Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid; oil-in-water | Emulsion phase inversion with Tween-80 and 85 | Antioxidant effect from tea polyphenols and good stability; applications in food fortification meant for commercial purpose |
| Lu et al. (2018) | Citral essential oil | Ultrasonication | Antimicrobial; utilizable in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and agrochemicals |
| Park et al. (2019) | Nanoemulsion powder consisting turmeric extract; oil-in-water | High-speed homogenization, ultrasonication and spray drying with Tween-80 | Antioxidant effect and good stability in gastric model; enhanced shelf-life of fortified milk for 3 weeks |
| Teo et al. (2017) | Phenytoin-loaded alkyd | Phase inversion method | Applied to topical wound healing |
| Farshi et al. (2019) | Cumin seed oil, corn oil, whey protein isolate-guar gum; oil-in-water | Ultrasonication and homogenization with Tween-80 | Antifungal (against A. flavus); food preservative |
| Kaci et al. (2018) | Coenzyme Q10 | Sonication | Topical uses |
| Pongsumpun et al. (2020) | Cinnamon essential oil; oil-in-water | Ultrasonication with Tween-80 | Antifungal (against A. niger, R. arrhizus, C. gloeosporioides and Penicillium sp.); food and agricultural uses |
| Sari et al. (2015) | Curcumin and medium chain triglyceride oil | Ultrasonication | Improved bioaccessibility and stability; applicable in functional foods |
| Majeed et al. (2016) | Purity gum ultra, canola and clove oil; water-in-oil | High speed homogenization | Antibacterial against Gram-positive strains; antimicrobial agent |
| Rebolleda et al. (2015) | Wheat bran oil-based nanoemulsions | Ultrasonication with Span-80 and Tween-80 | Good stability, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities; Usable in functional foods |
| Gundewadi et al. (2018) | Sapindus extract and basil oil; oil-in-water | Ultrasonication with saponin | Antimicrobial (against P. chrysogenum and A. flavus); applied in food safety against food spoilage pathogens |
| Anjali et al. (2012) | Neem oil from A. indica and non-ionic surfactant (Tween 20) | Ultrasonication with Tween 20 | Active against Culex quinquefasciatus; usable as a larvicidal agent |