Table 2.
Characteristics of DCM Patients in Different Regions in Japan
| Variables | Hokkaido/ Tohoku (n=5,478) |
Kanto (n=10,617) |
Chubu (n=6,126) |
Kinki (n=9,011) |
Chugoku/ Shikoku (n=4,609) |
Kyushu (n=4,696) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age at enrollment (years) | 59 [49–68] |
57 [46–66] |
60 [49–68] |
59 [49–68] |
59 [50–68] |
60 [50–69] |
<0.001 |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 54 [45–63] |
52 [42–61] |
55 [45–63] |
55 [45–63] |
55 [46–64] |
55 [45–64] |
<0.001 |
| Male sex | 3,991 (72.9) | 8,158 (76.8) | 4,580 (74.8) | 6,771 (75.1) | 3,386 (73.5) | 3,344 (71.2) | <0.001 |
| NYHA functional class | |||||||
| I | 1,413 (27.5) | 2,328 (23.7) | 1,515 (25.8) | 2,069 (24.2) | 975 (22.4) | 784 (17.5) | <0.001 |
| II | 2,627 (51.2) | 4,710 (47.9) | 2,909 (49.6) | 4,184 (49.0) | 2,050 (47.0) | 2,365 (52.9) | <0.001 |
| III | 832 (16.2) | 2,024 (20.6) | 1,076 (18.3) | 1,683 (19.7) | 991 (22.7) | 1,043 (23.3) | <0.001 |
| IV | 261 (5.1) | 762 (7.8) | 369 (6.3) | 607 (7.1) | 346 (7.9) | 283 (6.3) | <0.001 |
| Family history | |||||||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 88 (4.3) | 137 (2.9) | 84 (3.5) | 139 (3.6) | 71 (3.5) | 49 (4.2) | 0.046 |
| Sudden cardiac death | 51 (2.5) | 101 (2.1) | 75 (3.1) | 85 (2.2) | 52 (2.6) | 41 (3.5) | 0.025 |
| Vital signs | |||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 120.4±19.8 | 119.9±20.4 | 120.4±20.6 | 122.5±21.2 | 121.1±21.3 | 119.0±20.7 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73.9±14.9 | 74.4±15.6 | 73.3±15.0 | 74.5±15.5 | 74.2±15.6 | 71.8±14.1 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 76.1±18.8 | 80.6±20.3 | 77.6±18.8 | 78.6±19.7 | 78.6±19.6 | 76.2±17.7 | <0.001 |
| Laboratory data | |||||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.9±2.0 | 14.1±1.9 | 13.9±1.9 | 13.9±1.9 | 13.8±1.9 | 13.8±1.9 | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.1±0.5 | 4.1±0.5 | 4.1±0.5 | 4.1±0.5 | 4.1±0.5 | 4.1±0.5 | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 25.0 [19.0–33.0] |
24.0 [19.0–33.0] |
24.0 [19.0–32.0] |
24.0 [19.0–32.0] |
24.0 [19.0–33.0] |
23.0 [19.0–31.0] |
<0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 23.0 [16.0–37.0] |
23.0 [16.0–37.0] |
22.0 [15.0–35.0] |
22.0 [15.0–35.0] |
23.0 [16.0–36.0] |
21.0 [15.0–33.0] |
<0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 19.5±14.8 | 19.9±16.0 | 19.5±13.7 | 20.1±15.7 | 19.6±13.9 | 20.1±14.2 | 0.1 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.88 [0.72–1.04] |
0.90 [0.75–1.08] |
0.90 [0.73–1.09] |
0.90 [0.75–1.10] |
0.89 [0.72–1.06] |
0.90 [0.73–1.10] |
<0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 71.2±138.2 | 71.8±122.8 | 67.7±37.9 | 68.3±97.7 | 68.1±34.4 | 65.5±37.6 | 0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.6±2.0 | 6.8±2.0 | 6.7±2.0 | 6.8±2.0 | 6.7±2.0 | 6.7±1.9 | <0.001 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 140.4±3.2 | 140.2±3.3 | 140.3±3.0 | 140.4±3.3 | 140.2±3.3 | 140.2±3.3 | <0.001 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 130.0 [38.3–405.8] |
157.0 [41.4–531.0] |
142.4 [38.8–466.0] |
141.0 [39.4–497.0] |
163.6 [41.9–530.0] |
120.2 [33.9–420.0] |
<0.001 |
| Electrocardiographic findings | |||||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 1,398 (25.5) | 2,272 (21.4) | 1,503 (24.5) | 2,006 (22.3) | 986 (21.4) | 1,053 (22.4) | <0.001 |
| Pacing | 55 (2.8) | 228 (2.2) | 131 (2.1) | 207 (2.3) | 128 (2.8) | 163 (3.5) | <0.001 |
| Biventricular pacing | 25 (0.5) | 43 (0.4) | 24 (0.4) | 33 (0.4) | 25 (0.5) | 23 (0.5) | 0.68 |
| Echocardiographic data | |||||||
| LVEF (%) | 40.5±15.9 | 36.2±14.8 | 38.6±15.1 | 37.7±14.9 | 37.3±14.5 | 39.4±14.5 | <0.001 |
| LVDd (mm) | 59.0±10.0 | 61.4±9.7 | 60.2±9.6 | 59.9±9.1 | 60.0±9.1 | 59.3±9.7 | <0.001 |
| LVDs (mm) | 47.5±11.9 | 50.7±11.8 | 49.0±11.6 | 48.4±11.3 | 48.9±11.1 | 47.8±11.5 | <0.001 |
| IVS (mm) | 9.5±2.4 | 9.1±2.1 | 9.5±2.3 | 9.3±2.2 | 9.2±2.1 | 9.4±2.2 | <0.001 |
| LVPW (mm) | 9.8±2.3 | 9.4±2.1 | 9.7±2.4 | 9.5±2.0 | 9.4±2.1 | 9.6±2.1 | <0.001 |
| MR Grade III–IV | 468 (12.1) | 1,019 (13.9) | 591 (12.9) | 1,047 (16.1) | 522 (14.7) | 441 (12.2) | <0.001 |
| Medication | |||||||
| β-blockers | 3,742 (68.3) | 7,257 (68.4) | 4,343 (70.9) | 6,566 (72.9) | 2,966 (64.4) | 3,195 (68.0) | <0.001 |
| ACEi/ARB | 3,947 (72.1) | 7,963 (75.0) | 4,820 (78.7) | 6,929 (76.9) | 3,369 (73.1) | 3,684 (78.5) | <0.001 |
| MRA | 1,404 (25.6) | 3,491 (32.9) | 2,051 (33.5) | 2,693 (29.9) | 1,500 (32.6) | 1,595 (34.0) | <0.001 |
| Loop diuretics | 3,639 (69.4) | 7,324 (72.5) | 4,434 (74.0) | 5,814 (66.4) | 2,957 (69.9) | 3,215 (69.6) | <0.001 |
| Thiazides | 105 (2.0) | 197 (2.0) | 149 (2.5) | 225 (2.6) | 64 (1.5) | 159 (3.4) | <0.001 |
| Digitalis | 1,690 (30.9) | 2,904 (27.4) | 1,927 (31.5) | 2,505 (27.8) | 1,275 (27.7) | 1,427 (30.4) | <0.001 |
| Amiodarone | 560 (10.4) | 1,441 (13.8) | 638 (10.5) | 770 (8.6) | 328 (7.3) | 480 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| Oral inotropes | 398 (7.3) | 495 (4.7) | 297 (4.9) | 366 (4.1) | 215 (4.7) | 179 (3.8) | <0.001 |
Unless specified otherwise, data are given as n (%), the mean±SD, or as the median [interquartile range]. Abbreviations as in Table 1.